Correct Answer: B. sawm

Explanation

(a) Federal character refers to distribution of amenities and resources/ appointments, based on quota system to be applied in the three tiers of government in the country, e.g. political appointments, location of unity secondary schools, board, admission into tertiary institutions, location of iron /steel mills, etc.

(b) Factors for the introduction of federal character:

(i) Diversity in religion, ethnic size, ethnic values, education, economic resources, etc.

(ii) Uneven development: There is disparity in educational, political and economic development in Nigeria.

(Ili) There is discrimination on the basis of education, religion, ethnic affinity, etc.

(iv) Fear of domination of minority groups

(v) Inability of political leaders to translate 'Unity in diversity' into reality,

(vi) Appointment to promote unity, ensure stability and sense of belonging.

(vii) Unhealthy struggle for a lion's share of the national cake.

Correct Answer: A. capital intensive

Explanation

(a)(i) Liquids consist of molecules in random motion having different velocities, hence near the surface molecules with higher velocities and kinetic energy escape from the surface. Therefore the average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid is reduced. Since the average kinetic energy is a measure of temperature, therefore temperature is lowered. Hence evaporation causes cooling.

(ii) The heat supplied to boiling water increases the kinetic energy of the molecules and also weaken the bonds between the molecules. Hence at boiling the heat supplied is used in breaking the bonds, therefore molecules escaped as steam without change in temperature.

(b) (i) Boyle's law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure upon it.

(ii)

Introduce dry air into burette (B) and close the tap. Read and record the barometer reading H i.e. a.p., keeping B steady, raise the reservoir R, read the mercury head h from the scale, at the same time the corresponding volume V of air from the Repeat burette. Repeat the experiment with various values of H, and determine the corresponding values of h and v. Evaluate P = H ± h and V. Graph of P against V\(^{-1}\)

The graph P against V\(^{-1}\) is a straight line graph passing through the origin, showing that pressure is inversely proportional to volume.

(iii) Precautions;

– I ensured that dry air is used.

– I avoided parallax error when reading metre rule.

Correct Answer: B. parasite

Correct Answer: D. heaved

Explanation

heaved; produce (a sigh).

Correct Answer: B. Destructive distillation

Explanation

The correct answer is A. Redox reaction.

Concentrated nitric acid (HNO_3) is a powerful oxidizing agent. When it reacts with wood shavings (which are primarily composed of carbon-rich organic compounds like cellulose and lignin), the nitric acid oxidizes the organic matter while being reduced itself to nitrogen dioxide (NO_2), which is a characteristic brown gas.

Because both oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously, this is a redox reaction.

Correct Answer: D. his

Correct Answer: C. natural growth rate

Correct Answer: A) A decrease in pressure

Explanation

The given reaction is an endothermic reaction, which means it absorbs heat from its surroundings. The reaction is represented as:

\(N_2O_{4(g)} \rightarrow 2NO_{2(g)}\)

To understand the conditions that favor the formation of the product, we need to consider Le Chatelier's principle. Le Chatelier's principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions, the system will adjust itself to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium.

For endothermic reactions, an increase in temperature favors the forward reaction, while a decrease in temperature favors the reverse reaction. In this case, we are not given any information about the temperature, but we can analyze the effect of pressure and volume on the reaction.

When analyzing the effect of pressure, we can see that there is one mole of reactant and two moles of product. According to Le Chatelier's principle, if we decrease the pressure, the reaction will shift towards the side with more moles of gas to compensate for the change. In this case, that is the side of the products (2 moles of NO?). So, a decrease in pressure will favor the formation of the product.

Option A, a decrease in pressure, is the correct answer. Other options like a decrease in volume (Option B) and an increase in pressure (Option C) would actually favor the reverse reaction, as they would force the system to shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas (the reactant side). Option D, a constant volume, would not have any significant effect on the reaction.