Explanation

The ways political parties contributed to the constitutional Development of Nigeria.

(i) Political parties provided the leadership for constitutional development. Their members spearheaded agitation for constitutional reforms. For example, the 1946 Richard Constitution in Nigeria was criticized for lack of consultation.

(ii) The political parties initiated popular opposition against colonial government, for example, the Richards Constitution of 1951

(iii) They provided political education through rallies and newspapers owned by their leaders and these enlightened the masses on the deficiencies of colonial constitutions, e.g.. West African Pilot, Comet, Lagos Weekly Record, Nigeria Tribune, e.t.c.

(iv) Provision of leaders: The political parties provided leaders who attended constitutional conferences for the attainment of political independence, e.g. the ibadan,Conference of 1951 and the London Conferences of 1953 and 1957.

(v) Formation of government: They formed governments in their various regions under the 1951 constitution. This formed the basis for self-government in 1957 and 1959 and the eventual independence in 1960.

Correct Answer: B. Carbon (IV) oxide is evolved

Explanation

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in by the plant, and water is split to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Explanation

(a) \(\frac{1}{2}\)IPQ||gr|= 216

\(\frac{|PQ|}{|QR|}\) = \(\frac{3}{4}\)

PQ= \(\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}\) * \(\frac{3}{4}\)|QR|||QR| = 216

|QR|\(^2\) = \(\frac{216 * 4 * 2}{3}\)

|QR|= √576 = 24cm

|PQ| =\(\frac{3}{4}\) x 24 =18cm

|PR| = √(24\(^2\) + 18\(^2\)) = 30cm

(b) Let m be the number of years:

47 + m =2(17+m)

47 + m = 34 + 2m

2m - m = 47 - 34

m = 13 years

Explanation

(a) Five functions urban centres perform for rural areas include:

(i) Processing of raw materials from rural areas

(ii) Market for products from rural areas

(iii) Administrative centres for rural areas

(iv) Provision of employment for rural migrants

(v) Provision of social services e.g higher education

(b) Four problems that may limit the performance of the above functions include:

(i) Inadequate communication network between urban and rural areas

(ii) Inadequate jobs in the urban centres

(iii) Inadequate capital for processing

(iv) Political discrimination

Explanation

The prophet said that Islam was established on five pillars. These pillars are the groundwork of Islam as a religious scheme of faith, worship, and devotion. "Islam was built upon five (pillars): `The testimony that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; the establishment of the prayer; paying the obligatory charity (Zakat); pilgrimage to the House (Hajj to the Ka'bah in Makkah) and fasting (the month of) Ramadan" (Qur'an). Although, the prophet said that Islam was established on five pillars, it is very clear that the most important pillar is the shahadah. The shahadah states that, "one must declare, or bear witness, that there is no God except God, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God" (A Concise Introduction to World Religions). The shahadah is the most important pillar, because without the declaration that there is no god except God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God the other pillars cannot be practiced and in declaring this it also show how they believe in the religion of Islam as a whole. While all the pillars are crucial to the religion, this essay will dive into each pillar and show why the shahadah is the most important of them all.

6.Describe how Hajj is performed

TOPIC: TAWHID AND FIQH

The Hajj ritual can be traced back to the time of the Prophet Abraham by Muslims. It is a religious obligation for all able-bodied Muslims who can afford it at least once in their lifetime. Hajj is observed for five days in the last month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is one of the five pillars of Islam.

Male pilgrims wear two white seamless cloths called the Ihram, which is meant to show equality before Allah. One of the cloths is wrapped around the waist reaching below the knee while the other is draped over the left shoulder and tied at the right side.

Female pilgrims are allowed to wear any white, modest dresses when they reach the Miqat (a destination where the intent to perform Hajj is declared).

The pilgrims perform ablution at the Miqat, declare their intention for Hajj and then refrain from all prohibited activities, including sexual relations, using perfumes, cutting nails, shaving and slaughtering animals during the duration of the Hajj.

Day 1:

On the first day of Hajj, pilgrims will walk seven times around the Kaaba for the welcoming tawaf (also called the circumambulation of the Kaaba) and kiss the black stone.

This is followed by prayers inside the mosque near the Kaaba and then drinking water from the Zamzam well which is believed to have gushed out when Abraham's crying son Ishmael was placed when his mother went out looking for water for him.

The pilgrims then move to the Safa and Marwah hills near the Kaaba where they either run or walk seven times between the hills, to symbolically emulate the run Ishmael's mother Hajjar did in search of water for her son.

Day 2:

After the morning prayer, the pilgrims proceed to Mina where they spend the whole day in prayer.

Day 3:

All pilgrims then move to Arafat the next day and stand in vigil from noon to sunset to offer supplications, seek repentance and listen to sermons from where it is believed Islam's Prophet Mohammed delivered his final sermon ever. The ritual at Arafat is the ultimate day of Hajj and is considered compulsory if the pilgrimage is to be considered successful.

After sunset prayers, all pilgrims will leave the hills of Arafat for Muzdalifah where they will combine two prayers and spend the night in the open fields and gather small pebbles and stones for the next day's ritual.

Day 4, 5 and 6:

All pilgrims will move to Mina to perform the symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing seven pebbles or stones at the largest of three pillars.

On this day, animals like sheep or goats are slaughtered after the 'stoning of the devil' to commemorate Abraham's sacrifice to God when he obeyed the command to sacrifice his son. This day is also the day Muslims worldwide will celebrate the Eid al-Adha festival.

Male pilgrims will completely shave their hairs after the sacrifice and females will clip pieces of their hair. They then head to the holy mosque at Mecca for another circumambulation of the Kaaba.

Pilgrims will do another round of 'stoning the devil' at each of the three pillars. The same ritual will be done on the fifth day and the sixth if the pilgrim is not able to return to Mecca.

Before leaving Mecca, the pilgrims perform another circumambulation of the Kaaba called the 'farewell tawaf' for seven times.

After this tawaf, the Hajj pilgrimage is finally completed.

Correct Answer: C. I and IV

Correct Answer: D. 3333km

Correct Answer: D. end of the people of lsrael.

Explanation

In Amos' vision, the basket of summer fruit symbolized the impending judgment on the people of Israel. The Hebrew word for summer fruit in Amos 8:2 sounds similar to the Hebrew word for end. The vision conveyed the message that, just as the summer fruit marks the end of the harvest season, so too would the end come for the people of Israel due to their unrighteousness and social injustices.

Explanation

(a) Factors that affect angle of deviation:

- angle of incidence

- refracting angle of the prism

- refractive index of the prism material.

(b) N = \(\frac{360}{\theta}\) = 1

7 = \(\frac{360}{\theta}\) = 1

\(\theta = 45^o\)

(c) V = s/t = \(\frac{0.8}{0.2}\)

= 4 m/s

(ii)

(ii)

(iv) The slope represents speed or velocity

Correct Answer: C. protect