Correct Answer: B. i, ii, iii, v, only

Explanation

Eight roles of agricultural extension in the development of Agriculture in Nigeria include:

(i) Agricultural extension teaches improved practices to farmers in the cultivation, rearing and processing of crops and livestock.

(ii) It acts as an intermediary between farmers and research institutes.

(iii) It encourages farmers to increase productivity of food, cash crops and livestock.

(iv) It helps to collect and collate basic information relating to rural economy which are used for implementing certain programmes.

(v) It educates rural women in home management

(vi) It helps to identify proper marketing channels to sell their products.

(vii) Agricultural extension helps to raise the standard of living of farmers.

(viii) It helps to change people's attitude towards their problems.

Correct Answer: A. To increase the price of goods

Correct Answer: B. Amalekites

Explanation

a. Importance of the following in the Nitrogen Cycle

(i) Lightning

- When lightning occurs, nitrogen reacts with oxygen in air to form nitrous oxide/oxides of nitrogen;

- which is further oxidised to form nitrogen (IV) oxide /nitrogen dioxide;

- which dissolves in rain water to form nitric and nitrous acids;

- (that fall to the ground) when it reaches the soil combines with bases/mineral salts to form nitrates;

- which the plants absorbs.

(ii) Nitrosomonas

- Is a nitrifying bacterium in the soil;

- that converts ammonia to nitrites in the soil.

(iii) Azotobacter

- Is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium in the soil;

- that converts nitrogen in the soil;

- into ammonium compounds/amino compounds and protein in the soil;

- converts nitrites to nitrates in the soil.

b. Excretory organs

Insects – malpighian tubules;

Earthworm – nephridium

c. Explanation of diseases

(i) Hepatitis

- Is the inflammation/destruction of liver cells;

- hepatitis can arise from bacteria/virus/an autoimmune disease;

- or from excess consumption of alcohol.

The symptoms include fatigue;

- loss of appetite/anorexia;

- muscle aches/pains;

- flu;

- fever;

- nausea;

- jaundice;

- and dark coloured urine/stool.

(ii) Kidney stones

- Are small solids/crystals of concentrated minerals/uric acid found in the urine;

- they are formed if there is an excessive loss of water/insufficient water intake;

- so that the solubility of minerals/calcium phosphate/calcium oxalate in the urine is reduced;

- high levels of uric acids/amino acids can lead to kidney stones;

- bacteria may be trapped in the kidney tubules as the kidney stones get bigger;

- symptoms are sharp pain at the flank of back;

- frequent urination;

- nausea;

- sweating;

- kidney stones can be treated by medications;

- change in diet of food rich in calcium;

- surgery;

- drinking plenty of water.

d. (i) Effects of lack of sense receptors in the skin

- Humans will not be able to sense/feel/perceive external stimuli in the environment;

- pain;

- touch;

- a change in temperature;

- pressure;

- danger which could lead to death.

(ii) Layers of the epidermis

- cornified layer/stratum corneum;

- granular layer/stratum granulosum;

- malpighian layer/stratum Malpighi.

e. (i) Metamorphosis

Is the development of some/certain organisms from the egg; to an adult stage; involving three to four stages.

(ii) Type of metamorphosis of listed insects

Explanation

a) The definition of branding was correctly stated by the candidates. But advantages of branding to manufacturer, retailer and consumer where not well attempted. The following responses should be noted.

b)Advantages to Manufacturer;

• it helps to reduce adulteration of branded goods.
• it facilitates packaging and advertising.
• it encourages brand loyalty

Advantage to Retailer;

• It facilitates self service.
• It increases the retailers’ turnover

Advantages to Consumers;-

• It makes selection and choice of products easier.
• it ensures quality maintenance of products by manufacturers

Explanation

(a) The three properties are:-

(i) The reaction occurring in the system is reversible.

(ii) the rate of the forward reaction is equal to that of the reverse reaction

(iii) The value of the free energy change of the system is zero

(b)(i) Since the forward reaction is exothermic, increase in temperature will not favour the forward reaction. The yield of ammonia will be lower.

(c)(i) The ore is powdered and dissolved under pressure in a hot concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. Sodium aluminate solution is formed Al\(_2\)O\(_3\) + 2NaOH \(\to\) 2NaAIO\(_2\) + H\(_2\)O. The impurities do not dissolve and filtered off. The sodium aluminium hydroxide to precipitate the hydroxide which is filtered off, washed, dried and heated strongly to form pure alumina.

2A1(OH)\(_3\) \(\to\) Al\(_2\)O\(_3\) + 3H\(_2\)O

Al\(_2\)O\(_{3(s)}\) + 2NaOH\(_{(aq)}\) + 3H\(_2\)O --> 2NaAl(OH)\(_4\)

Then; NaAI(OH)\(_{4(aq)}\) --> Al(OH)\(_{3(s)}\) + NaOH\(_{(aq)}\)

(ii) At the ANODE: 2O\(^{2-}\) - 4e\(^-\) \(\to\) O\(_2\) OR 2O\(^{2-}\) ---> O\(_2\) + 4e\(^-\)

At the CATHODE: Al\(^{3+}\) + 3e\(^-\) -> Al

(iii) The function is to act as a solvent or as a flux.

Correct Answer: C. arrest

Explanation

Apprehend; arrest (someone) for a crime.

Correct Answer: D. cross-examined

Correct Answer: C) He was stoned to death

Explanation

In the book of Joshua in the Bible, there was a man named Achan who disobeyed God's command by taking some of the forbidden spoils of war from the city of Jericho. When the Israelites went to battle against the city of Ai, they were defeated, and Joshua asked God for guidance. God revealed to Joshua that someone in the camp had taken the forbidden items. After investigation, Achan confessed to taking the items and was confronted by Joshua with the words, Why did you bring trouble on us? The LORD brings trouble on you today.

The correct option to the question is C: He was stoned to death. After Achan's confession, he and his entire family were stoned to death and their bodies were burnt. This punishment was in accordance with God's command to Joshua to completely destroy all the forbidden items and to punish the offender severely.

This story teaches us the importance of obedience to God's commands and the consequences of disobedience. As Christians, we should strive to obey God's commands and turn away from sin. In addition, this story also emphasizes the importance of confessing our sins and seeking forgiveness from God.

To learn more about this story and its lessons, please read the relevant sections of the recommended textbooks.