Explanation

(a) Legitimacy is the acceptance and recognition by the people of the right of the ruler to govern.

(b) (i) Popular Support A government is legitimate if it receives the popular support of the citizens.

(ii) Popular Support Participation - For a government to be accorded legitimacy, the citizens must be a allowed to participate in political activities.

(iii) Good Governance-Any government that operates on the tenets of good governance may earn legitimacy.

(iv) Good Leadership-Legitimacy will be accorded to a leader with sterling qualities.

(v) Ideology-The ability of the government to uphold the state ideology will help attain legitimacy.

(vi) Periodic free and fair elections.

(vii) Respect for Fundamental Human Rights/Rule of Law.

(viii) Appreciative level of socio-economic development in the state by the Government.

(ix) International Recognition.

(x) Respect for the customs and traditions of the people.

(xi) Adherence to the provisions of the constitution of the state.

Correct Answer: C. 58°

Explanation

(a). - Fear is a common cause of discrimination. This may be fear of catching the disease as it is infectious (or perceived to be so).

- Discrimination by association is also known as 'symbolic stigma'. This may occur when a health condition is associated with a condition that is perceived to be undesirable. HIV/AIDS is an example of such as it is usually associated with illicit sex.

- Values and beliefs can play a powerful role in creating or sustaining stigma. Examples are beliefs regarding the cause of a condition. Religious values regarding sexual relationships and marriage may cause HIV/AIDS discrimination if they are perceived to be the result of marital infidelity.

- Lack of awareness and education on the nature of HIV/AIDS is another reason for the discrimination.

- In accurate and misleading representation even by some health workers is a cause of the discrimination of HIV/AIDS patients.

(b). - Loss of income and livelihood.

- It makes them dependent on others as they cannot be fully effective.

- Liable to become poor as they have to spend more even after losing their means of livelihood.

- The HID/AIDS patient becomes depressed while the family goes through emotional and psychological torture.

- The parents and relations who are shouldering the big financial responsibility of caring for the HID/AIDS patient may not be able to send other members of the family to school. In other words, the family is badly affected economically.

Correct Answer: C. factors of production

Correct Answer: A. Zakat was instituted to erase poverty

Correct Answer: A. thunder

Explanation

(a) A supply schedule is a table showing the various quantities of a commodity sellers are willing to sell at various prices, at a particular time.

(b) A market supply schedule shows the total quantities of a commodity which all the sellers of that commodity are willing to sell at various prices at a particular time. It is obtained by summing the individual supply schedules of all the sellers of the product. In the table below the individual supply schedule of Messrs P, Q and R are summed to obtain the market supply for the commodity.

(c) Exceptional demand:

(i) Fixed demand or perfectly inelastic demand e.g. salt.

(ii) Perfectly elastic demand.

(iii) Expectation of future increase in price.

(iv) Articles of ostentation: These are goods bought at higher prices because buyers believe such goods put them in high class in the society.

(v) Giffen goods: These are goods for which quantity demanded diminish when price falls.

Correct Answer: B. in furtherance of

Correct Answer: A. -1

Explanation

\(\lim \limits_{x \to 3} \frac{x + 3}{x^{2} - x - 12} = \frac{3 + 3}{3^{2} - 3 - 12}\)

= \(\frac{6}{-6} = -1\)

Explanation

(a) Characteristics of natural vegetation associated with the tropical continental climate:

(i) The dominant vegetation cover is grass

(ii) Presence of tall grasses that are fibrous when old

(iii) The trees are deciduous, i.e they sheath, leaves during the dry season to reduce transpiration

(iv) Presence of short scattered trees

(b) Favourable factors for this type of vegetation include:

(i) Low rainfall of about 600-1500cm per annum

(ii) Extremes of temperature which ranges from 21-32°C

(iii) It has an annual temperature range of 11°C

(v) It has high monthly temperature of about 27°C

(v) The vegetation has a single maximum of rainfall