Correct Answer: A. blue orange and red

Explanation

Upon passage through the prism, the white light is separated into its component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet.

Correct Answer: A. N10,000m

Correct Answer: D. Progressive tax

Correct Answer: A. Pulp

Explanation

Pulp is a processed material derived from wood, whereas timber and fuelwood are directly harvested from forests, and mushrooms are fungi found in forest ecosystems.

Correct Answer: B. leap

Explanation

The correct answer is B. leap (or in some contexts, D. leaping, but B is the best choice).

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Verbs of perception such as *see*, *hear*, *watch*, and *notice* are followed by an object + bare infinitive (base form of the verb) or a present participle (*-ing* form):

- Object + Bare Infinitive (leap): Used when the action is viewed as a whole or as a completed, single event. Since leaping over a wall is typically a quick, completed action, the bare infinitive leap is the most precise and standard choice.

- Options A (leaped) and C (leapt) are past tense forms and grammatically incorrect in this structure.

Correct Answer: D. practical

Correct Answer: B. prove the supremacy of God

Correct Answer: A. 1511 mm

Explanation

(a)Sources of irrigation water

- Rivers

- Lakes - Streams

- Ponds -

- Bore-holes

- Wells

- Reservoirs

- Springs

- Brooks

- Dams

(b) Advantages and disadvantages of irrigating farmlands

Advantages

- Makes early planting possible

- Adds water to the soil/supply moisture to the soil for plant growth

- Helps to soften the soil for easy tillage operations

- Facilitates the survival of crops during drought

- Farmers become less dependent on rainfall

- Helps lower soil temperature

- Ensures all-year-round production

- Modifies both soil and plant environment

- Enhances microbial decomposition of organic matter in the soil

- Dissolves nutrients for root absorption

- Can be used to apply liquid fertilizers(fertigation)

Disadvantages

- High cost of irrigation equipment

- Increased salinity

- Disease transmission is possible

- Leads to build-up and spread of pests

- Vectors of diseases e.g. snails, tsetse flies, mosquitoes may breed in

irrigated areas

- Movement of farm machinery may be hindered

- May lead to leaching

- May lead to erosion/flooding

- Encourages the growth and spread of weeds

(c) Ways by which the soil loses nutrients

- Mechanical land clearing/bulldozing of virgin forests

- Crop removal/harvesting

- Continuous cropping

- Leaching

- Burning

- Overgrazing

- Erosion

- Oxidation

- reduction

- Chelation

(d) Reasons for manuring in crop production

- Improves the activities of soil organisms like earthworms

- Improves the structure of the soil

- Improves aeration within the soil

- Regulates soil temperature

- Buffering effects improve the acid-base reaction of the soil/assists in regulating soil pH

- Improves water holding capacity in sandy soil

- Improves water infiltration in clay soil

- Controls soil erosion

- Adds nutrients to the soil/improves soil fertility

- Increases cat ion exchange capacity of the soil

- Used for the control of nematodes in the soil

(e) Ways by which environmental factors affect agricultural production

(i) Temperature

- High temperature may cause heat stress/death of farm animals

- A necessary condition for germination of seeds

- Affects distribution of crops

- Affects distribution of animals

- High temperature increases evapo-transpiration

- High temperature reduces the performance of livestock/fish

- Temperature affects the ripening and maturity of fruits

- Affects microbial activities in relation to mineralization of organicsubstances

- Temperature affects productivity of human labour/draught animal

(ii) Soil micro-organisms

- Cause diseases in plants

- Bacteria in root nodules can fix nitrogen directly to plants and soils

- Reduce the quantity and quality of crops e.g. potato, yam

- Help in the decomposition of plant materials to form humus

ii)Wind

- Influences the rate of transpiration

- Causes evaporation in the soil

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Correct Answer: A. colonialism