Explanation

(a)(i) Ecosystem: -

• This is a self-supporting unit/ system.
• it consists of all living organisms and the non-living factors, that interact with each other/are interdependent.
• Each component influences the properties of the others.
• The living organisms make up the biotic components, e.g. plants and animals
• The non-living factors make up the abiotic components; e.g. soil/edaphic factors/climatic factors.

(ii)Population: This refers to the total number of organisms/individuals of the same kinds/ species living together within a habitat/area at a particular time. The size of the population varies due to different factors; e.g. natality/mortality/immigration/emigration.

(iii) Ecological succession in plants: -This is the orderly series of changes occurring in plant communities over a given period of time, until a stable/climax community is established. It usually commences in a newly formed open/barren habitat/abandoned farmland, which is usually as a result of human activities/natural disasters/ catastrophes. The pioneer/primary colonizers have short life cycles/span, which get replaced by other plants which thus derive nutrients from their remains. These latter secondary colonizers have longer life cycles/span. - The initial pace of a succession is rapid but it gradually slows down until a final/stable/climax community is reached

(b) Ways by which Nitrogen is made available to soil include:

(1) Through nitrogen fixation

(2) Through thunder storms and lightening

(3) By putrefaction/decay of organic matter

(4) By nitrification

(5) By application of artificial fertilizers

(6) By application of farmyard manure/organic fertilizers/poultry, droppings/animal dungs/green manure.

Correct Answer: C. highlights problems inherent in it

Explanation

Qur'an 4:129You will not be able to treat your wives with absolute justice not even when you keenly desire to do so. (It suffices in order to follow the Law of Allah that) you incline not wholly to one, leaving the other in suspense. If you act rightly and remain God-fearing, surely Allah is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. This means that it is not possible for a man to accord complete equality of treatment to two or more wives under all circumstances and in all respects

Correct Answer: D. the price of the commodity increases

Explanation

One of the law of supply is, as price increases , the quantity demanded also increase due to the positive relationship. Therefore, an increase in price will shift the supply curve to the right.

Correct Answer: D. Islamic Jihad

Correct Answer: D. Enter for

Correct Answer: B. universal

Correct Answer: B) -3, +5

Explanation

For NO3-

N+3(-2)=-1

N-6=-1

N=-1+6

N=+5

The oxidation states of ammonium nitrate=-3,+5

Correct Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation

Effects of temperature on: (a) Brooding of chicks: (1) Temperature of 35 - 39°C provide warmth for the chicks. (2) Temperature range of 35 - 39°C leads to proper development. (3) Moderate/Ideal temperature makes them to spread evenly and feed well. (4) High temperature makes chicks to pant and move away and sit with their mouth open. (5) Low temperature leads to hurdling together which may lead to suffocation and death. (6) High temperature, leads to poor feather development. (7) High temperature leads to pecking. (8) Greater susceptibility to diseases at both high and low temperature conditions. (9) Both high and low temperature lead to retarded growth. (10) Both high and low temperature lead to poor feed efficiency/utilization.

(b) Reproduction in livestock: (1) High temperature/heat stress causes abortion in farm animals. (2) High temperature leads to low rate of conception. (3) High temperature decreases ovulation leading to low reproductive capacity. (4) Egg production is drastically reduced at extremes of temperatures. (5) High temperature can reduce spermatogenesis of male animals. (6) High temperature can reduce sexual activities in farm animal.

(c) Milk production: (1) Milk spoilage occurs at a temperature of 37°C. (2) Pathogenic bacteria in milk are destroyed when milk is subjected to a high temperature of about 74°C (pasteurisation). (3) High temperature causes heat stress thus reducing milk production. (4) Extremes of temperature affect feed intake leading to low milk production. (5) Physiological processes are retarded at extremes of temperature leading to low milk production.

(d) Egg production: (1) High temperature causes heat stress thus reducing the egg production (2) Low temperature leads to decrease in feed efficiency leading to a low egg production. (3) At high temperature feed intake decreases leading to low egg production. (4) At high temperature, fertility and hatchability in breeder birds decrease. (5) Extreme temperature leads to decrease in egg quality. (6) Ideal/moderate temperature leads to better egg production.

Correct Answer: D) N480 Cr.