Explanation

(a) Breeds of chicken used for commercial egg production

-White leghorn Rhode Island Red

- New Hampshire

- Plymouth Rock

-Anstralop

- Brown Leghorn

- Light Sussex

- Barred Plymouth Rock

(b) Functions of the following components in the diet of farm animals

(i) Water

-The bodies of most animals contain 55 - 65% Water/ Constituent body fluid and blood

- Helps to digest feed

- Helps to get rid of waste materials

-Constituent of many body fluids and blood

-Involved in body metabolism

- Regulates body temperature

- Involved in the production of saliva

-Helps to maintain body turgidity

- Helps in the transport of nutrients

- Solvent for most body nutrients

(ii) Minerals

- Required by the body in certain quantities to ensure good health and productivity

-Present in muscles for muscle contractions

- Comprise about 3% of animal body

- Constituent of milk, egg and meat

-Maintain pH balance of body fluids/Acid-base balance

-Help in the formulation of hormones

-Regulate blood clotting

- Prevent diseases

- Promote body growth

-Help in formation of haemoglobin and protein/ constituent of protein

-Help in bone and teeth formation/prevent tooth decay

- Help in proper functioning of the nervous system.

(iii) Antibiotics

-Help the body to fight disease-causing micro-organisms

-Improve early growth of poultry, pigs and non-ruminants generally

-Increase absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract

-Help to heal sores/wounds in animals at

(iv) Protein

- Protein is used in the building of flesh/muscles

- Repairs worn-out tissues

-Helps in the formation of digestive juices and other intestinal secretions (enzymes and hormones)

-Protein may supply energy to the body

-Helps in the building of protective covering (skin/hair/feathers/wools/nails)

- It is a constituent of blood

-Required for the growth of young animals

-Helps in the formation of eggs and milk

-Helps in the formation of reproductive gametes

(c) Advantages of the intensive system of rearing ruminants

-It gives animals protection against environmental hazards/exposure to adverse weather conditions

-There is proper supervision of animals

-Record keeping is made easier

-It allows for automation e.g. use of automatic feeders and drinkers

-Protection against theft

-Protection against predators

-Indiscriminate mating is reduced

-Sick animals are easily identified

-Reduces incidence of disease infection

-Reduces incidence of pest infestation

-Ensures adequate and balance feeding

-Ensures provision of better health care

-Animals do not destroy farmers crops

-Allows efficient use of labour

-High stocking density for all species of animals

-It gives animals protection against physical hazards

-It enhances performance of the animals

Correct Answer: A. of the fragmented political structures

Correct Answer: B. supply curve will shift to the left

Correct Answer: A) 306 Hz

Correct Answer: A. Private individuals control the economy

Explanation

Capitalist state is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Characteristics of capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system, and competitive markets.

Correct Answer: Professor Joash Ojo Amupitan

Explanation

The current INEC chairman in Nigeria is Professor Joash Ojo Amupitan (SAN), following the recent departure of Professor Mahmood Yakubu. The National Council of State unanimously approved his nomination, and he was confirmed by the Senate.

Correct Answer: C. political stability in West Africa

Correct Answer: A. Early religious and economic significance

Explanation

(a) Factors that limit food production in West Africa:

-Farming is mostly at subsistence level.

-farming operations are not mechanized/use of simple farm tools

-Inadequate capital base of the farmers.

- Inadequate infrastructural facilities.

-Inadequate agricultural Education.

-Poor Extension services

-High cost of agricultural inputs and machines

-Inadequate supply of agricultural inputs.

-poor rural development leading to youths migrating to the towns.

-High incidence of pests.

-High incidence of diseases.

-Inadequate storage facilities

-Inadequate processing facilities

-Poor marketing System

-Poor pricing system

-poor distribution system

-Environmental hazards such as oil spillage, drought, desertification etc

-Inconsistent government policies/politics/instability

-Poor land tenure system

-Socio-cultural constraints

(b)Advantages of solar energy as a source of farm power: Farming is mostly at subsistence level.:

- It is a cheap source of farm power.

-Running cost is low because no fuel is consumed. farm

- Solar energy technology is environment-friendly.

- It can be stored for later use.

- Solar energy technologies are modular aid that can be tailored to the power needs of individual applications.

-Solar panels have long life span.

- They are economically viable and competitive.

Disadvantages of solar energy as a source of farm power:

- The performance of solar systems is weather-dependent/erratic/irregular.

- Some solar technologies require sophisticated manufacturing processes available only in a few developed countries

-There is a initial high capital cost

-Special raining for personnel and special infrastructure are needed for the installation and maintenance of these technologies

-The batteries have negative environmental impacts. especially during manufacture and disposal

-It is available for harnessing only during the day

-May not be used to power heavy machines

(c)Tractor-coupled implements: Plough, harrow, Ridger, planters/seed drill, Sprayer, Mower, Baler, Fertilizer applicator, Harvester, Cultivator

Correct Answer: A. religious propagation