Explanation

(a)(i) Heat of neutralization is defined as the amount of heat evolved when one mole of hydrogen ions (H\(^+\)/H\(^3\)O\(+\)) from an acid reacts with one mole of hydroxide ions (OH\(^-\)) from an alkali to form one mole of water.

(ii) Neutralization can be used to prepare only soluble salts, hence CuCl\(_2\) which is soluble can be prepared by this method while PbC\(_2\) which is insoluble cannot.

(b)(i) Manufacture of HNO\(_3\) in outline by the catalytic oxidation of NH\(_3\). Ammonia reacts with air or oxygen in the presence of platinum-rhodium catalyst and a high temperature (of about 550 - 850°C) to form Nitrogen (11) oxide and steam. 4NH\(_3\) + 5O\(_3\) ---> 4NO + 6H\(_2\)O. Nitrogen (II) oxide reacts with more or excess air to give nitrogen (IV) oxide which is dissolved' in hot water in the presence of more air to give trioxonitrate (V) acid.

2NO + O\(_2\) —> 2NO\(_2\); 4NO\(_2\) + 2H\(_2\)O + O\(_2\) —> 4HNO\(_3\)

(ii) Oxygen, NaNO\(_3\) are obtained when NaNO\(_3\) is heated strongly.

(c) Reactions of Mg with nitrogen.

(i) Equations of the reaction 3Mg + N\(_2\) --> Mg\(_3\)N\(_2\).

(ii) Calculation of the amount of Mg\(_3\)N\(_2\) that can be obtained from 3.0g of Mg. From the equation, (3 x 24)g of Mg gives 1 mole of Mg\(_3\)N\(_2\).

3g of Mg will give 3 x \(\frac{1}{3 \times 24}\) mole of Mg\(_3\)N\(_2\) = 0.0417 mole.

Correct Answer: C) concentrations of the reactants and products remain unchanged

Explanation

It is important to note that at equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products do not have to be equal (Option A is incorrect). The equilibrium constant, K, is used to describe the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. A large K value means that the products are favored, while a small K value means that the reactants are favored.

Furthermore, chemical equilibrium does not mean that the reactants stop forming products (Option B is incorrect), or that the reactants are completely transformed to products (Option D is incorrect). Both the forward and reverse reactions continue to occur, but at the same rate, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Correct Answer: C. I, II, and III

Explanation

While the photosynthetic process differs slightly among these organisms, cyanobacteria, algae, and ferns (along with all other plants) all undergo photosynthesis-the process of using sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.

Correct Answer: C. 1-(x+y)+xy

Explanation

Prob (passing English) = x

Prob (passing Maths) = Y

Prob (failing English) = 1 - x

Prob (failing Maths) = 1 - y

Prob (failing both test) = Prob(failing English) and Prob(failing Maths) = (1 - x)(1 - y)

=1 - y - x + xy

=1 - (y + x) + xy

Explanation

Features of the French Colonial Administration in West Africa are:

(i) The headquarters of the French colonial administration was based in Dakar, Senegal. All the colonies were administered from Dakar, making the federation highly centralised.

(ii) Direct rule was the system of administration adopted by the French.

(iii) Forced labour wa one of the features of French colonial administration.

(iv) France made use of French officials. Only few Africans were used in the administration.

(v) Indignant policy was adopted in the system which provides that Africans can be detained for two years without trial.

(vi) There was no freedom of association of the press and opinions of the people were repressed.

(vii) The policy of assimilation was adopted and it was meant to substitute the African culture with the French culture.

(viii) Africans under French rule were grouped into two - citizens and the subjects. It was a policy of divide and rule, preferring one to the other.

(ix) Education was restricted to few Africans - the citizens. The majority of the people were denied basic education. (x) African elites were.treated fairly within the system.

(xi) The French administration stood against the formation of political parties and this was one of the reasons why nationalism was delayed in French colonies.

(xii) Law-making for the colonies was highly centralised. The parliament in Paris, France made laws for the colonies.

(xiii) Recognition was not given to traditional institutions.

Correct Answer: C. indeginization

Correct Answer: A. 59

Correct Answer: B. 6.8

Explanation

\(\bar{x} = \frac{2 + 4 + 7 + 8 + 9}{5} = 6

variance = \(\frac{34}{5}\)

= 6.8

Correct Answer: C. experts

Correct Answer: D. a good Muslim should always be honest in his works and worship.