Explanation

(a) Competitive demand is the demand for commodities that can be used interchangeably. An increase in the demand for one will lead to a decrease in the demand for its substitute. Joint demand on the other hand is the demand for commodities that are used together to satisfy a want. An increase in the demand for one will lead to an increase in the demand for the other.

(b) i. From the diagram above (figure 1), an increase in the price of the complement of commodity R from P\(_{1}\) to P\(_{2}\) has resulted in a fall in quantity demanded from Q\(_{1}\) to Q\(_{}\). Demand for commodity R shifted from D\(_{1}\) to D\(_{2}\) and the equilibrium price fell from P\(_{1}\) to P\(_{2}\) and quantity from Q\(_{1}\) to Q\(_{2}\)

ii. An increase in the price of a substitute of Commodity R will result in a fall of its quantity demanded from Q\(_{1}\) to Q\(_{2}\). (in figure 3). As a result of this, demand for commodity R will increase, Shown by the demand curve shifting from D\(_{1}\)D\(_{1}\) to D\(_{2}\)D\(_{2}\) in figure 4. The equilibrium price will increase from P\(_{1}\) to P\(_{2}\) and the equilibrium quantity from Q\(_{1}\) to Q\(_{2}\).

iii. The imposition of an indirect tax on commodity R will result in a shift of the supply curve from S\(_{1}\)S\(_{1}\) to S\(_{2}\)S\(_{2}\) in figure 5. with demand unchanged, the equilibrium price will increase from P\(_{1}\) to P\(_{1}\) but the equilibrium quantity will fall from Q\(_{1}\) to Q\(_{2}\).

Correct Answer: D. zero

Explanation

\(\begin{array}{c|c} x & 2 & 3 & 5 & 9 \\ \hline 2 & 4 & 6 & 10 & 18 \\ \hline 4 & 8 & 12 & 20 & 36 \\ \hline 6 & 12 & 18 & 30 & 54 \\ \hline 8 & 16 & 24 & 40 & 72 \end{array}\)

Note: A {horizontal}

B {vertical}

Pr (Odd Product) = \(\frac{0}{16}\)

= 0

Correct Answer: B. Longitudinal

Correct Answer: B. provide essential services and amenities

Correct Answer: A. A good storage system

Correct Answer: C. socialism

Explanation

In a socialist state, the state controls the means of production and distribution of goods and services.

Correct Answer: D. presence of stagnant water in ponds

Correct Answer: D. T = 5F

Correct Answer: B) 72 beats per minute

Explanation

The question is asking about the rate of heart beat in an adult human being. The options are given in beats per minute and we have to choose the correct one. The correct option is option B, which is 72 beats per minute. The human heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and the rate of heart beat refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute. The heart rate varies from person to person and can be influenced by factors such as age, physical fitness, stress levels, and underlying medical conditions. The average resting heart rate for an adult human being is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Regular physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle can help to lower the resting heart rate, while certain medical conditions or medications may increase it. It is important to monitor heart rate as it can provide important information about overall health and fitness levels. A consistently high or low heart rate may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention

Correct Answer: C. legal sovereignty