Correct Answer: D. Wages increase

Explanation

(a) Explain the term vulcanicity; Vulcanicity is the process by which gaseous, liquid and solid substances are forced from interior of the earth into the crust or onto the surface of the earth.

(b) Characteristics of Batholith

(i) Most spectacular of igneous rocks.

(ii) It is a large mass and usually of hundred kilometers in extent.

(iii) It forms longitudinal ridge in the core of fold mountains.

(iv) Batholith may be exposed as a result of denudation.

(v) Examples are Wicklow mountain, Island and Upland Brittany France, along the Rockies in U.S.A. Formation of Batholith It is volcanic in origin and formed at the roof of mountain, massive and resistant upland. Batholith are large mass of magma rising upwards and accumulates in the crust.

Characteristics of Dyke;

(i) They are vertical or inclined across the bedding planes (discordant)

(ii) It has a narrow wall-like feature.

(iii) Dyke is rarely prominent in the landscape.

(iv) A times when exposed forms shallow trenches.

(v) It is a resistant rock.

(vi) It may be circular in shape e.g. Ring Dyke in Jos.

(vii) Dyke is very extensive in length.

(viii) Dyke sometimes gives rise to waterfalls/rapids.

(ix) Dyke often constitutes oil trap or water trap.

(x) Examples are Cleveland dyke of Yorkshire, ring dyke in Jos.

Formation;

(i) Dykes are formed from the intrusion of molten magma into cracks and joints.

(ii) They are formed through cooling and solidification of vertical and narrow walls of igneous rock.

(iii) It has shallow trenches formed when exposed to denudation.

Characteristics of composite cone;

(i) It is the highest form of volcanoes.

(ii) It is the most common type of volcanoes.

(iii) It is conical in shape.

(iv) In structure, it is made of alternative layers of ash and lava.

(v) Composite cone usually build up conelets around the major cone.

(vi) Examples are Etna Sicily, Mountain Fuji; Mountain Chimborazo and Vesuvius.

Formation;

Composite cones are made of alternate layers of ash and lava. The lava pours out forming layers on top of the ash. The lava moves out from the sides of the cone. Conelects are built up in minor eruptions. New eruption forms new layers which grow gradually as height increases. At times the whole top of the volcano blows off or sinks e.g. chimborazo. A large crater called Caldera may finally emerge at the point of volcano.

(c) Importance of volcanic rocks.

(i) It serves as a source of mineral.

(ii) It is a fertile soil for agriculture.

(iii) It serves as hot spring for domestic uses.

(iv) It provides rocks for construction.

(v) It forms basin for underground water.

(vi) It forms basin for crude oil deposits.

Correct Answer: A. Helps to regulate the acid-base balance of the body

Explanation

(a) Characteristics of plantation agriculture in East Africa

(i) Plantation agriculture requires a large area of land

(ii) There should be large supply of cheap unskilled labour within the location of the plantation

(iii) Huge amok capital is required

(iv) Infrastructural facilities like good roads, electricity, pipe born water are required

(v) There be available skilled manpower

(vi) Modern farming techniques are used e.g use of chemicals, fertilizer etc.

(b) Pastoral nomadism in West Africa:

(i) It requires the movement of cattle with their herdsmen from one play another in search of pasture and water

(ii) It is more extensive than intensive method of cattle rearing

(iii) Thi herdsmen are illiterate as they do not know how to treat diseased animals

(iv) The cattle are subjected to love of feeding

(v) There is the constant clashes between cattle rearers and arable farmers.

(c) Fruit farming in South Africa

(i) Fruit farming is made possible as a result of favourable climate and this includes bright and sunny weather, rainfall of 500- 700mm and temperature of 28°C

(ii) Availability of fertile valleys where animal soil ex

(iii) Funds must be made available to boost production

(iv) Irrigation system is necessary for fruit farming

(v) the fruits produced have access to foreign markets.

Correct Answer: D. proteins

Correct Answer: A. poorest people of the land

Correct Answer: D. I,II and III

Correct Answer: D. Port Novo

Correct Answer: D) 5.0 x 10³W

Correct Answer: B. Ship