Explanation

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF LINGUA FRANCA IN NIGERIA.

A lingua franca is a language used for common communication among peoples of a country with diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds like Nigeria, For instance. in some countries in East Africa like Tanzania and Kenya, Swahili has been adopted as the lingua franca. A lingua franca is supposed to be a language accepted and adopted by a country and spoken among natives who have their different native languages.

In Nigeria, presently, the language which can be regarded as the lingua franca is the English language, the language of the colonizers. English language has served the country over the years as both the official language and the lingua franca. However, Nigeria, as a multi-ethnic country with diverse cultural and linguistic affinities needs a lingua franca even if it means throwing off the last yoke of colonialism by replacing English language with a lingua famca.

A. lingua franca can do a lot of good for the country. As a means of effective communication among all tribes and ethnic groups in the country, a lingua franca will promote unity and harmony. When there is a common language spoken by all the. ethnic groups in Nigeria, there is every tendency that the various ethnic languages and dialects will be de-emphasized. This will lead to people in the country regarding one another as brothers and sisters. It will facilitate easy communication and understanding.

In addition, a lingua franca is a leveller. It is a language spoken by both the rich and the poor. the noble and the peasants. A lingua franca bridges the yearning gap between the rich and the poor as it is natural that the person one shares a language with is one's brother.

Furthermore, a lingua franca is desirable for national integrity. A country with a distinguished lingua franca is identified with the language and as such. it is respected among comity of nations. In fact, other nations look down on a nation which uses another country's language as its lingua franca. It is even worse if the lingua franca is the language of a coloniser.

The adoption of a lingua franca could be fraught with a lot of problems. The first problem is that of acceptance. The ethnic groups always cling to their different native languages which they regard as their mother tongues. As a result of this, making them to accept a lingua franca may mean to them dropping their mother tongues for another language.

The second problem is that in Nigeria. the several ethnic groups always associate the number of the speakers of their ethnic languages with population. They believe that languages have to do with geographical spread and thus, they resist every attempt to undermine the use of their native languages.

Nigeria needs to have a national lingua franca policy as a matter of urgency. If the country could gradually and assiduously pursue a policy on lingua franca. a language could emerge out of the various ethnic languages we have. A lingua franca is always a melange of the two or more languages, especially the languages of the minority groups. I am sure that if a lingua franca emerges out of the languages of the minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, such lingua franca will be nationally accepted and it would not be regarded by other major ethnic groups as local imperialism.

Correct Answer: B. can grow and produce fruits for more than two years

Correct Answer: C) 110, 53

Explanation

This question involves a nuclear decay reaction, specifically alpha decay. In an alpha decay, an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The symbol for an alpha particle is \(^{4}_{2}\alpha\).

Given the decay reaction: \[^{114}_{55}Cs \rightarrow ^{A}_{Z}E + ^{4}_{2}\alpha\]

We are asked to find the values of A and Z for the element E that is formed as a result of the decay.

To find the values of A and Z, we need to balance the nuclear equation. This means that the number of protons (atomic number) and the number of nucleons (mass number) should be conserved during the reaction.

For the atomic number (Z):

\[55 = Z + 2\]

\[Z = 55 - 2 = 53\]

For the mass number (A):

\[114 = A + 4\]

\[A = 114 - 4 = 110\]

So, the decay reaction is: \[^{114}_{55}Cs \rightarrow ^{110}_{53}E + ^{4}_{2}\alpha\]

The values of A and Z are 110 and 53, respectively. Thus, the correct option isOption C: 110, 53.

Correct Answer: D. 600 k

Correct Answer: B) displacement of digested food

Explanation

Air pollution can have various negative effects on living organisms and their environment. The given question asks which effect of air pollutants is not correct. The options provided are A, B, C, and D. Option A states that air pollutants can lead to the formation of carboxyl haemoglobin. This is correct as carboxyl haemoglobin is formed when carbon monoxide, a common air pollutant, binds with haemoglobin in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the blood, leading to health problems. Option B suggests that air pollutants can displace digested food. This is incorrect. Air pollution does not affect the digestion or displacement of food in the body. The digestive system and respiratory system are separate and distinct from each other. Option C states that air pollutants can lower plant yield. This is true as air pollutants can affect plant growth and reduce crop yield. This is because plants require clean air to carry out photosynthesis which is crucial for their growth. Option D suggests that air pollutants can damage breathing organs. This is correct as air pollutants can cause respiratory problems and damage the lungs, leading to chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option B, which states that displacement of digested food is not an effect of air pollutants. In summary, air pollution can have various negative effects on living organisms and their environment. These effects include the formation of carboxyl haemoglobin, lowering plant yield, and damaging the breathing organs. However, displacement of digested food is not an effect of air pollutants.

Correct Answer: B. 35 Naira

Explanation

(a) The incidence of taxes refers to where the burden of a tax finally rests.

(b)(i) Equity: Tax should be based on a person's ability to pay and there should be equality of sacrifice i.e. the burden of tax should be according to one's ability.

(ii) Certainty: Tax payers should know the amount they are expected to pay, when and how to pay it.

(iii) Convenience: The method and time of tax collection should be convenient to the tax payers.

(iv) Economy: The amount spent in the course of collecting the tax should be smaller than the amount of tax revenue collected

(v) Flexibility: The tax system should not be rigid

(vi) Neutrality: The tax should not unduly affect people's willingness to work, save and invest.

(vii) Simplicity: The tax laws should be easy to understand

Correct Answer: C. Jeroboam

Explanation

(a) Features of self-service shop:

(i) provision of security

(ii) provision of price tags

(iii) There is entry and exit points

(iv) provision of trolleys and baskets

(v) provision of pay points at the point of exits

(vi) Large space to aid movement

(vii) Stocking of pre-packaged branded goods

(viii) Availability of few sales assistance

(ix) Attractive display of goods.

(b) Disadvantages of self service:

(i) Because goods are pre-packed, buyers are denied the opportunity of inspecting what they want to buy

(ii) It is not suitable for the sale of some product e.g. pharmaceutical goods.

(iii) It is possible for shoppers to steal items during shopping. High level of pilfering/shop lifting

(iv) There is no provision for bargaining as a result, many customers don't go to shop where there is self service.

(v) It requires a lot of spaces, trolleys security gadgets and baskets which increase the price of goods due to the extra costs.

(vi) There is less personal attention.

(vii) It encourages people to buy what they do not need.

(c) Importance of working capital to a business:

(i) Working capital helps to determine the fund that will be available for the running of the business on a daily basis.

(ii) It is a sign of healthiness i.e. a good financial state of the business.

(iii) It provides the basis for future planning for the business.

(iv) It provides the basis for profit making by the business since it is used to buy stock for more profit.

(v) It helps to check against tying down too much money on current assets.

(vi) It shows if a business is over trading.

Correct Answer: B. the sound of the trumpet