Explanation

(a)(i) Copper is more reactive than silver or copper is higher in the electrochemical series than silver. Hence it will displace silver ions from solution. Copper, being less reactive than lead cannot displace lead, henc it remains insoluble in Pb(NO\(_3\))\(_{2(aq)}\).

(ii) No. of mole of Ag\(^+\) in the solution.

\(\frac{250cm^3 \times 0.2}{1000}\) mole Ag\(^+\) = 0.05mole;

Cu + 2Ag+ 2Ag\(^+\) \(\to\) 2Ag\(^+\) + Cu\(^{2+}\)

63.5g Cu dissolves in 2 mole Ag\(^+\)

1.06g Cu will dissolve in \(\frac{2 \times 1.06}{63.5}\) mol Ag\(^+\) = 0.033

(iii) Amount of (Ag\(^+\)) silver ion present = 0.05. Since this is more than the amount required (0.033) i.e. the AgNO\(_{3(aq)}\) is in excess, all the copper turnings will dissolve

(b)(i) Acids react with electropositive metals to liberate hydrogen

(ii) Acids neutralize bases to form salts.

(iii) Acids react with trioxocarbonate (IV) salts to liberate CO\(_{2(g)}\)

(iv) Acid react with trioxosulphate (IV) salts to liberate SO\(_2\)

(ii) Large scale uses of HNO\(_3\) (1) For manufacturing nitrocompounds such as nitrocellulose which is used for making artificial silk, explosives or compounds for manufacturing dyes. (2) For manufacturing fertilizer. (3) As an oxidizing agent. (4) rocket fuel.

(iii) 2Pb(NO\(_3\))\(_{2(s)}\) \(\to\) 2PbO\(_{(s)}\) + 4NO\(_{2(g)}\) + O\(_{2}\) -

2AgNO\(_{3(s)}\) -> 2Ag\(_{(s)}\) + 2NO\(_{2(g)}\) + O\(_{2(g)}\)

(c)(i) The litmus paper turns pink or red and then white or bleached. (ii) Redox reaction (iii) Bleachinc agent

(d)(i) Coke, coal tar, coal gas and ammoniacal liquor

(ii) uses Coke - a reducing agent or used as fuel.

Coal tar -in manufacture of drugs, dyes, explosives.

Coal gas - as fuel. Ammoniacal liquor -manufacture of fertilizer.

Correct Answer: C. Aeroplane

Correct Answer: D) 16.0 cm

Correct Answer: A. from oxides with different formulae

Correct Answer: D. flood

Correct Answer: B. Shaytan

Correct Answer: D. Readiness

Correct Answer: D) 450 cm³

Explanation

In this question, we are given information about the reaction between excess hydrochloric acid (HCl) and limestone, as well as the neutralization of the unreacted acid with potassium carbonate (K\(_2\)CO\(_3\). The question asks us to determine the original volume of the acid. To solve this problem, we first need to write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and limestone: CaCO\(_3\) + 2HCl ? CaCl\(_2\) + CO\(_2\) + H\(_2\)O This equation tells us that one mole of CaCO\(_3\) reacts with two moles of HCl. Since we are given an excess of HCl, we can assume that all of the CaCO\(_3\) has reacted. We are also given the mass of the CaCO\(_3\) (2g) and its molar mass (100 g/mol), so we can calculate the number of moles of CaCO\(_3\) using the formula: moles = mass/molar mass moles of CaCO\(_3\) = 2g/100 g/mol = 0.02 mol Since one mole of CaCO\(_3\) reacts with two moles of HCl, we know that 0.04 moles of HCl were required to react with the CaCO\(_3\). However, we are told that there is unreacted HCl remaining, which requires 25 cm\(^3\) of 0.10 moldm\(^{-3}\) K\(_2\)CO\(_3\) to neutralize it. This information allows us to calculate the number of moles of HCl that were not used in the reaction with CaCO\(_3\): moles of HCl = concentration x volume moles of HCl = 0.10 moldm\(^{-3}\) x 0.025 dm\(^3\) = 0.0025 mol To find the original volume of the acid, we need to add the volume of the unreacted HCl to the volume of HCl that was used in the reaction with CaCO\(_3\): original volume of HCl = (moles of HCl used in reaction + moles of unreacted HCl)/concentration original volume of HCl = (0.04 mol + 0.0025 mol)/0.10 moldm\(^{-3}\) = 0.425 dm\(^3\) = 425 cm\(^3\) Therefore, the correct answer is Option D: 450 cm\(^3\).

Explanation

(a)(i) The four levels of organisation in living: organisms are: Cell, tissue, organ, system

(ii)A cell is a basic structural and function unit of life; it is bounded by a membrane containing nucleus and cytoplasm. Some cells are capable of independent existence, carrying out all the characteristics or life processes in living things. They may have processes like pseudopodia, cilia, flagella, etc. Cells also have inclusions, referred to as organales.

A tissue is a collection of cells which are similar in structure and perform similar functions. Some tissues cannot exist on their own but some can live on their own, e.a., Hydra. They have the same origin and occupy the same position in the body of the organism.

An organis a collection of different tissues that perform a common function or functions. Some organs carry out a single function. e.g., heart while others carry our more than one function, e.g., kidney.

A system; is made up of different organs that perform a particular function. Systems are peculiar to higher organisms.

Correct Answer: D. triumphal entry into Jerusalem