Explanation

(a) Ways ways By Which Diseases Spread On A Crop Farm: (i) rain splash (ii) use of contaminated tools and equipment. (iii) use of infected planting materials. (iv) wind blowing pathogens to other crops. (v) animals, especially predators during feeding. (vi) insect vectors (vii) visitors (viii) weeds harbour pathogens (ix) through irrigation water.

(b)(i) Symptoms of Onion Twister: (i) Twisting and curling of the leaves and the pseudostem. (ii) The twisted leaves later change from the normal darkgreen colour to yellowish green. (iii) The neck of the affected onion plant becomes abnormally long. (iv) the bulbs are narrow and elongated. (v) The bulbs rot quickly when stored. Control Measures of Onion Twister: (i) Early Planting (ii) Removal and destruction of infected plants. (ill) By spraying fungicides. (iv) Practising good farm sanitation.

(b)(ii) Symptons of Root-Knot Disease of Tomato: (i) Formation of galls or knots on the roots of infected plants. (ii) Stunted plants. (iii) The leaves turn yellow. (iv) Production of many secondary roots. (v) Death of plants. Control Measures of Root-Knot Disease of Tomato: (I) Planting resistant varieties of tomatoes. (ii) Soil treatment with nematicides. (iii) Soil sterilisation/ burning of crop residue and weeds. (iv) Practising crop rotation. (v) Removal of crop residues from the field. (vi) Weed control.

Correct Answer: A. political party

Explanation

A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get them elected and thereby implement the party's agenda.

Correct Answer: (c)calcium

Correct Answer: D. even distribution of facilities in both regions

Correct Answer: C. Al Qudus

Correct Answer: D. sterilization of water

Explanation

(a)Ways in which rangeland is important in livestock production:

- Provides space for maximum exercise for animals

-Source of cheap feed for farm animals

-Source of salt lick for farm animals

-Provides the protein needs of ruminant animals if legumes are present in the rangeland

-Rangeland makes it possible for unproductive and to be utilized for pasture growing

(b) Calculation of carrying capacity of range land

Area of a circle = Y2 1trl

The area of Y2 a circle = V:z 1trl

Where 1t = 22/7 or 3.142

then:

Area of the figure

= Area of half circle + Area of rectangle + area of half circle

=(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m)

=(Y2x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m)

= (5,106 m²) + (28,500 m-) + (5,106 m²)

= 38,711 m²

Area of land = 38, 711 m² but 1 ha = 10,000 m²

.'. areaof land in ha

38,71 1m2/10,000m² = 3.8.1

Grazing Area per cattle = 3m x 3m = 9m²

= 0.009 ha

Carrying capacity = Area of the range land

Grazing area per cattle

3.8711ha

0.0009ha

4301.2 cattle per 3.871] ha

Carrying capacity = 4301

OR =4,301 cattle grazed on 3.8711 ha of range land

(c) Benefits of management practices in animal production

(i) Dipping

-Controls ecto-parasites

-Reduces disease transmission to the animal from the parasites

-Ensures high quality hides and skins

-Eliminates loss of nutrients occasioned by sucking of blood

-Reduces skin irritation

(ii) Vaccination

- Increases resistance to diseases

-High turnover from investment due to low mortality

-Prevents / Reduces outbreak of diseases

(iii) Artificial Insemination

-Eliminates the cost of buying and keeping male animals

-Allows use of lame but fertile, proven males Allows the use of semen of oversized males

-Reduces spread of veneral diseases

-Allows the use of the sperm of a proven male animal long after its death Many more females can be served from one male at a time

-Allows planned breeding timetables/programmes

-Semen held in cold storage, can be stored and transported over long distances

- Problem of space and time of breeding of male animals -is eliminated

- Faster result in breeding improvement is achieved.

(a)Ways in which rangeland is important in livestock production:

- Provides space for maximum exercise for animals

-Source of cheap feed for farm animals

-Source of salt lick for farm animals

-Provides the protein needs of ruminant animals if legumes are present in the rangeland

-Rangeland makes it possible for unproductive and to be utilized for pasture growing

(b) Calculation of carrying capacity of range land

Area of a circle = Y2 1trl

The area of Y2 a circle = V:z 1trl

Where 1t = 22/7 or 3.142

then:

Area of the figure

= Area of half circle + Area of rectangle + area of half circle

=(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 1t x 57 m x 57 m)

=(Y2x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m) + (250m x 114m) +(Y1x 22/7 x 57 m x 57 m)

= (5,106 m²) + (28,500 m-) + (5,106 m²)

= 38,711 m²

Area of land = 38, 711 m² but 1 ha = 10,000 m²

.'. areaof land in ha

38,71 1m2/10,000m² = 3.8.1

Grazing Area per cattle = 3m x 3m = 9m²

= 0.009 ha

Carrying capacity = Area of the range land

Grazing area per cattle

3.8711ha

0.0009ha

4301.2 cattle per 3.871] ha

Carrying capacity = 4301

OR =4,301 cattle grazed on 3.8711 ha of range land

(c) Benefits of management practices in animal production

(i) Dipping

-Controls ecto-parasites

-Reduces disease transmission to the animal from the parasites

-Ensures high quality hides and skins

-Eliminates loss of nutrients occasioned by sucking of blood

-Reduces skin irritation

(ii) Vaccination

- Increases resistance to diseases

-High turnover from investment due to low mortality

-Prevents

Correct Answer: A. anniversary

Correct Answer: D. under-population

Correct Answer: A. I and II only