Explanation

(a)(i) Ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions/cations and anions.

OR

Ionic bond is defined as the type of bond that is formed from/ by/ through the transfer of electrons from one atom of an element (metal) to an atom of another (non - metal).

(ii) (I) – Ionic / electrovalent.

(II) – „Coordinate (Covalent) / dative.

(b) Oxidation number of sulphur in Na\(_2\)S\(_2\)O\(_2\);

2 x Na + 2 x S + 3 x 0 = 0

2 x 1 + 2s + 3(-2) = 0

2 + 2s – 6 = 0

2s = 4

s = +2

c) Farady's first law states that the mass of an element discharged during electrolysis is directly proportional to the of current passed.

(d)(i) NaHSO\(_4\), NaHCO\(_3\), KHSO\(_3\), etc. (ii) Mg(OH)Cl, Zn(OH)Cl, Zn(OH)NO\(_3\), etc.

e)(i) Sublimation energy. (ii) Electron affinity.

f) (i) Na\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\) No effect on litmus paper/Neutral to litmus.

(ii) AlCl\(_{3(aq)}\) —Turns blue litmus paper red/Acidic to litmus.

(g) Efflorescence: Loss of (all apart from) water of crystallization by a substance on exposure to the air/Atmosphere.

(h) Activated Charcoal: (i) To remove colouring matter. (ii) To absorb gases. (iii) To remove impurities from liquids. (iv) Whitening of teeth. (v) To remove scent/To decolourize.

(i)(i) Hydrogenaton of Vegetable Oil: Production of margarine/Hardening of oils.

(ii) Cracking: Increase the yield of petrol/Improves the quality of petrol to produce raw materials or petrochemicals.

(iii) Esterification: Production of akanoates. —as solvents for paints/gums/cellulose. —in perfumery. —in making cellulose acetate (for photographic films). —as flavouring agents.

j) Ag\(^{-}\) + eg\(^{-}\) \(\to\) Ag

96500c of electricity deposits I mole of Ag

10920c of electricity = \(\frac{10920 \times 1.0}{96500}\)

= 0.113moles

= 0.11 moles.

Correct Answer: C. it should follow a direction of right to left or bottom to top

Correct Answer: D. bank rates

Correct Answer: A) a dynamic equilibrium exists between liquid molecules and the vapour molecules

Correct Answer: A) Registered mail

Explanation

When you send something through registered mail, it means that the item is being tracked and requires a signature upon delivery. This provides additional security because it ensures that the document is being handled with care and can be traced if it gets lost or misplaced during transit.

Parcel post (Option B) refers to sending larger packages or items, but it may not offer the same level of security as registered mail for important documents.

Letter post (Option C) is a general term for sending regular letters or correspondence through the post. While this may be suitable for less important documents, it may not provide the same level of security as registered mail.

Segmenting (Option D) is not a method of sending documents through the post and is unrelated to the question.

Therefore, the safest way of sending important documents through the post is by using registered mail (Option A).

Correct Answer: D. urinating

Correct Answer: C. 4.0 cm

Explanation

165 = 2 x \(\frac{22}{7}\) x \(\frac{7}{2}\) x h + 2 x \(\frac{22}{7}\) x \(\frac{7}{2}\) x \(\frac{7}{2}\)

165 = 22h + 77

\(\frac{22h}{22} = \frac{88}{22}\)

height = 4cm

Explanation

a.Tourism is the practice which involves the visiting of people to places of interest for recreational, leisure or business purposes.

Tourism can also be defined as the activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purpose.

- Tourism revenue leaks out of the local economy due to the presence of multinational companies or foreign-owned businesses.

- Seasonality nature of tourism can lead to instability in local economies, making it challenging for businesses to sustain themselves throughout the year and causing fluctuations in employment opportunities.

- Overlly dependent on tourism as its primary source of income makes the place vulnerable to external factors such as economic downturns, political instability, natural disasters, or changes in travel patterns especially when there is a decline in tourist arrivals.

b[ii] - Tourism development can lead to social disruptions within local communities.

- Rapid tourism development can erode tradtional values, customs, and cultural practices.

- Tourism can lead to the exploitation of local cultures and tradtions

b[iii] -Tourism can contribute to various forms of pollution, including air, water, and noise pollution

- The development of tourism infrastructure such as hotels, resorts, roads, and recreational facilities can result in habitat destruction and fragmentation.

- High tourist concentrations in water-stressed areas can strain local water resources due to excessive water extraction for hotels, swimming pools,golf courses and other tourist amenities.

c[i] - Tourism can be a significant driver of economic growth, contributing to increased business opportunities, job creation, and income generation.

- Tourism can generate foreign exchange earnings through spending by international visitors.

- Tourism offers opportunities for diversifying an economy beyond traditional industries.

- Tourism provides a platform for small-scale businesses and entrepreneurs to thrive

c[iii] - Tourism can create economic incentives for the conservation and preservation of natural areas, including national parks, wildlife reserves and protected habitats

Correct Answer: C. such as

Correct Answer: C) lonisation energy