Correct Answer: A. fixed and variable

Correct Answer: C. patent

Correct Answer: c. 16900sqcm

Correct Answer: B. speed and wavelength increases but its frequency remains the same

Correct Answer: C. CO2 and NO2

Explanation

(a) Indirect Rule is a British system of ruling her colonies with the use of local chiefs, or other appointed intermediaries, and traditional laws and customs with British officials merely supervising the administration

(b) (i) The indirect Rule system excluded the educated elite from participating in the administration.

(ii) indirect Rule guaranteed the position of chiefs and therefore began to disregard the in-built traditional checks and balances they were subjected to before colonial rule

(iii) Indirect Rule did little to encourage traditional institutions to develop since colonial officials formulated policies and they only carried, out these policies.

(iv) The British had had absolute powers to create, recognized and depose traditional leaders which were. powers hitherto exercised by African subjects.

(v)Indirect Rule introduced certain practices alien to Africans e.g the appointment of warrant chiefs.

(vi) Imposition of taxes made indirect Rule unpopular

Correct Answer: D. lnitially

Explanation

(a) A tax is a compulsory levy imposed by the government on individuals and firms.

(b)(i) Equity / Ability to Pay:It is fair to assume that those who have the greatest wealth or the highest in-come should pay higher. This implies that revenue should be raised without causing undue hardship to the tax payer.

(ii) The Revenue yield:From the standpoint of the government, the total revenue that tax yields is of considerable importance. Governments are comfortable with . taxes that provide a fairly predictable and steady in-come.

(iii)Economy: Consideration must be given to the cost of collecting a tax, since high cost incurred in administering a tax may make it uneconomical for both the tax payer and the government.

(iv) Neutrality:An important consideration in evaluating tax is how the tax affects production, savings and people's willingness to work. A good tax system should not interfere unnecessarily with the supply and demand for goods and services.

(v)Convenience: The method and time of payment should be convenient to the tax payers.

(vi) Benefits - Received principle:It is argued that those who benefit most from government supplied goods or services should pay the taxes necessary for their financing. For example petrol taxes are typically ear-marked for financing road construction and repairs. Toil gates. etc.

(vii)Certainty: Governments and the tax payers should know about the amount, time, method of tax payments with certainty.

(viii) Flexibility: The tax system should be flexible enough for adjustments when the need arises.

(ix) Simplicity:Taxation should not be difficult to administer and understand. It should not cause problems of differences in interpretation.

Explanation

(b) Effects of rainfall on the distribution of vegetation in Nigeria

(1) Heavy rainfall supports tall trees in the South of Nigeria while low rainfall' supports growth of short deciduous trees in the North.

(2) High rainfall areas of over 2000mm rainfall gives rise to forest vegetation.

(3) High and continuous rainfall give rise to evergreen vegetation

(4) Areas which have rainfall between 100mm and 150mm produc3 Guinea Savanna type of vegetation

(5) Areas which have rainfall under 1000mm produce Sudan Savanna typ of vegetation

(6) Areas which have rainfall under 500mi produce Sahel Savanna type of vegetation.

(7) Areas which have rainfall that is less than 300mm produce desert vegetation

Areas with rainfall between — 2000m produce montane vegetation as clearly shown in Jos and Eastern highland.

(9) The commencement of rain marks the beginning of the growth of grasses

(10)As rain decreases northwards, density of vegetation decreases.

Characteristics of Guinea Savanna

(i) It is the largest of all vegetation belts in Nigeria

(ii) It has tall grasses

(iii) The grasses are green during rainy season and turn brown in the dry season.

(iv) The presence of few scattered trees,

(v) Trees are deciduous

(vi) Th trees have thick barks

(vii) Trees have long tap roots

(viii) Some trees have umbrella-shaped canopy

(ix) The tree form gallery forest along the river banks

(x) Tree types are: - oil palm, dum palm, shea butter, isoberlina, etc.

Explanation

The process of egg formation in poultry is controlled by hormones. The egg is formed partly in the ovary and partly the oviduct. Yolk is formed In the ovary while other proteinous parts are formed in the liver and kidney. The yolk released by the ovary is taken up by infidibuIum and later moved to the oviduct where fertilization takes place The egg moves to the magnum, stay there for three hours and part of the albumen is formed. Chalaza is secreted round the yolk from the magnum. the egg moves to the isthmus where it stays for 1