Correct Answer: D. gneiss

Explanation

(a)(i) The common name given to group VII elements is Halogens.

(ii) Hydrides of the first two elements in group VII: (1) Hydrogen fluoride (2) Hydrogen chloride.

(iii) Three chemical properties of group VII elements are: (1) High electron affinity/strong oxidation 4-gents/electron acceptor. (2) High electronegative (3) React with hydrogen to form acid. (4) Form salts with metals. (5) React with alkalis to form salts. (6) React with water to form acids. (7) Displacement of lower halogens from their acids/salts. (8) Reacts with hydrocarbons to form alkyl halids.

(b) Copy and complete the following table:

(c)(i) Define the following processes: I. Nuclear fission – splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei (of smaller mass) with release of (large amount of) energy and radiations. II. Nuclear fusion –combination of smaller nuclei to form a large nucleus with the release of (large amount of) energy and radiation.

(ii) Give one use of each process in (c)(I). I. Used to generate electricity/nuclear or hydrogen bomb/ production of new elements/production of radioisotopes. II. Used to produce nuclear weapon/ atomic or hydrogen bomb/production of new elements/production of radioisotopes.

(c)(i) List three types of radiation that are produced during radioactivity: (1) alpha (2) beta (3) gamma.

(d)(ii) Arrange the radiation listed in (d)(i) in order of increasing:

I. Penetrating power — \(\alpha\), < \(\beta\) < \(\gamma\)

II. Ionizing power — \(\gamma\) < \(\beta\) < \(\alpha\)

Correct Answer: C) Potassium dichromate (vi)

Correct Answer: B. readiness to be angered

Correct Answer: A. his character

Correct Answer: B. Round character

Explanation

(a) (i) Electrolyte = dilute tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid

(ii) Electrode = platinum

(iii) Hydrogen and oxygen are deposited at the cathode and anode respectively.

(b) Volume of hydrogen is twice that of oxygen.

Correct Answer: A. Digging for minerals

Correct Answer: C. the suffering of soldiers and civilians during a war

Explanation

The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation can achieve internal economies of scale through the following ways:

(i) NNPC should have its own training institute, award scholarship to its workers, organise in-service training to its workers.

(ii) NNPC should apply the use of advanced machines, many workers and the application of division of labour etc. which will increase its output and lower the cost per unit.

(iii) NNPC should provide better welfare facilities such as housing scheme, canteen, medical services, transport scheme etc that will motivate its workes for improved efficiency

(iv) The firm should afford its own research laboratory and employ competent researchers to man it.

(v) With its sound financial standing and large size, NNPC should employ managerial experts in different fields.

(vi) NNPC should buy its raw materials in bulk which will lower the prices and get large discount, sell in bulk and save packing and transport costs and possibly should have its own means of advertising on a large scale.