Correct Answer: D. censor

Correct Answer: D. \(100\pi\) cm\(^2\)

Explanation

Volume of a cone = \(\frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h\)

r = 5 cm

l = 13 cm

Using Pythagoras theorem

⇒ \(13^2 = 5^2 + h^2\)

⇒ \(169 = 25 + h^2\)

⇒ \(169 - 25 = h^2\)

⇒ \(h^2 = 144\)

⇒ \(h = \sqrt144 = 12 cm\)

∴ Volume of the cone = \(\frac{1}{3} \times\pi\times 5^2 x 12 = 100\pi\) cm\(^2\)

Correct Answer: A. 1:2

Correct Answer: A. quatrain and imagery

Correct Answer: A. adequate material and spiritual preparation should be made for the work

Explanation

Aku's position in The Last Duty is pathetic. Reduced to penury by Oshevire's detention, she finds herself confronted with the proposals of Chief Toje, Oshevire's rival and accuser. Her tragedy in the novel is that in spite of her effort to preserve her dignity, she finds herself slipping down the abyss into sexual infidelity and disgrace.

Aku's situation is indeed a difficult one. Her deprived condition clearly illustrates the disastrous consequences of the war on individuals. It is this deprivation which makes her easy prey for Toje's unscrupulous exploitation. Right from the start she is aware of her disadvantaged condition and acknowledges it quite readily. Despite her expressed fears. she resigns herself to her fate. She admits that even though deprived of food and comfort, she has in fact realized what Toje is after. Whenever she goes on her tryst with him, she is full of guilt.

Paradoxically, it is her sexual, not economic, deprivation which leads to her loss of integrity. After Toje's impotent attempt to make love to her, she is sexually aroused and craves satisfaction. She thus turns her attention to Odibo whose vibrant sexuality she has only just become aware of. Aku's attempt to justify her behaviour carries with it a certain element of pathos. Tortured, tormented, driven almost to the limits of human endurance, she finds herself wishing that Toje could make love to her, repugnant though the thought is. The reality of sin would at least be better than the fantasy which Toje is dragging her through. This prepares the way for Odibo's subsequent love-making with her.

In Aku, we see the result of a war which unjustly deprives a family of its breadwinner, and a woman the right to love and enjoy sex with her husband. Her predicament also demonstrates the insecurity, both physical and emotional, consequent upon a civil' war. Her relationship with her husband cannot remain in the same state after the scandal. Oshevire is released from prison in time to face the disgrace after the fight between Toje and Odibo over his wife.

The tragic end of Oshevire's life results directly from his attempt to leave the scene of his disgrace occasioned by the infidelity of his wife. This serves to further deepen Aku's tragedy.

Explanation

(a)(i) Characteristics of homologous series: –All members can be represented by a general molecular formular. –Each member of the series differs from the next by a constant/Fixed number of atom-CH\(_2\)/Successive member differs by CH–All members of the group have similar chemical proterties. –All members have same functional group. –All members of the; roup are prepared using similar/same general methods. All members of the series show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. density, solubility, etc).

(ii) Groups of compounds which form such a series: –Alkanes –Alkenes –Alkynes –Alkanols –Alkanoic acid –Alkanoates.

(b) A saturated organic compound A containing two carbon atoms reacted with ethanoic acid in the presence of a mineral acid to form a compound B with a sweet smell: The functional group present in A. Hydroxy/Hydroxyl.

(ii) Structure of A.

(iii) Chemical equation to show the formation of B:

CH\(_3\)COOH + CH\(_3\)CH\(_2\)OH \(\rightleftharpoons\) CH\(_3\)COOH\(_2\)CH\(_3\) + H\(_2\)O.

(iv) Name of compound B: Ethyl ethanoate

(c)(i) Balance equation for reaction between Ethyne and Excess bromine:

C\(_2\)H\(_2\) + 2Br\(_2\) --> C\(_2\)H\(_2\) Br\(_4\)

OR

H— C \(\equiv\) C— H H 2Br\(_2\) —> H-CBr\(_2\)-CBr\(_2\)-H

(ii) IUPAC name of the product of the reaction in (c)(i) 1,1, 2, 2–tetrabromoethane.

(iii) Conditions under which cracking takes place: –High pressure –High temperature –Presence of a suitable catalyst.

(d)(i) Preparation of ethanol from starch: Treat starch with malt, diatase, convet starch to maltose.

2(C\(_6\) H\(_{(10)}\)O\(_5\) )n + nH\(_2\) O --> nC\(_{(12)}\) H\(_{(22)}\)O\(_{(11)}\). Add yeast. Ezyme maltase convert maltose to glucose.

C\(_{(12)}\)H\(_{(22)}\) + H\(_2\)O —> 2C\(_6\)H\(_{(12)}\)O\(_6\). Ezyme zymase convert glucose to maltase to ethanol and CO\(_2\)

C\(_6\)H\(_{(12)}\)O\(_6\) —> 2C\(_2\)H\(_5\)OH + 2CO\(_2\).

(ii) Properties of starch: –Can be hydrolysed. –Has no taste. –When suspension of starch is warmed, it forms colliodal solution. –It is insoluble in water. –It has no smell.

(iii) Reason why starch does not reduce Fehlings solution: It does not contain any free carbonyl group/No alkanol group/No hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group.

(iv) Chemical test to confirm the presence of starch: Add a few drops of iodine to a boiled starch. A dark-blue colouration appears.

Correct Answer: A. capital owned

Correct Answer: C. absence of constitutional division of power to the units

Explanation

In a unitary system, all powers are centralized in the hands of the central government and that centre is the reservoir of all state powers. In this system, there are no provincial governments and the constitution empowers the central government to legislate, execute and adjudicate with full might. Simply put, the central government is supreme and autonomous in a unitary government. It does not share its power with the component units

Correct Answer: B. mixed framing