Explanation

(a) The term "Error of closure" is the failure of the end point of a closed traverse to fall exactly on the point of origin of the traverse. The error can only be known when the field details are plotted.

(b) Sources of error of closure:

(i) Inaccurate measurement of the sides.

(ii) Wrong bookings of bearing.

(iii) Taking wrong bearing

(iv) Inaccurate booking of all measurements

(v) Using faulty instrument.

(vi) Mistakes in actual plotting.

(vii) Possible effects on magnetic compass by magnetic material.

(c) Measures to avoid an error of closure:

(a) Cross-check the functionality of all instrument.

(b) Check the measurement on the plan plotted.

(c) Take backward bearing as well as on bearing to check errors in measurement of bearing.

(d) Check presence of magnetic materials on and around the user.

Correct Answer: D. cockwash

Correct Answer: A. 260 units at N1.50

Explanation

given that a maximum of 260 units can be taken from the last receipt, the balance of 440 units (700-260) would be issued at N 1.00 which would be taken from the first materials received (100 units)

Explanation

A merger is the coming together of two or more companies in a way that all merging companies will close and a new company formed while an acquisition is the process of buying another company in which the company bought stops to exist and the company that purchased it becomes bigger and continues to exist.

i) Commerce promotes rapid transfer of both oral and written messages through territory

ii) Commerce facilitates exchange of goods and services which people enjoy whether produced within or outside their territory

(iii) Commerce facilitates the creation of wealth thereby improving the standards of living in a nation

iv) Commerce makes room for protection against risks in day to day business operations through insurance.

(v)Commerce creates awareness of the existence of goods and services through advertising goods and services through advertising

(vi) Commerce ensures that goods produced are stored until needed, thus making sure that there is steady supply of goods for the nation through warehousing

(vii) Commerce makes it possible for people and s access to funds through their operations of financial institutions.

(viii) Commerce offers employment opportunities there long number of people in a nation.

(IX) Commerce encourages international trade and co-operation, as a result, enhance friendly relations among countries

(x)Commerce brings technological innovation and new ideas, resulting in market development

(xi) Commerce assists in the movement of materials/goods and people from one place to another

Explanation

60% boys, 40% girls.

p(boy) = p = 60% = 0.6

p(girl) = q = 40% = 0.4

The binomial distribution function is

\((p + q)^{5} = p^{5} + 5p^{4} q + 10p^{3} q^{2} + 10p^{2} q^{3} + 5pq^{4} + q^{5}\)

(a) p(exactly 3 boys) = \(10p^{3} q^{2}\)

\(10(\frac{3}{5})^{3} (\frac{2}{5})^{2}\)

= \(10(\frac{27}{125})(\frac{4}{25})\)

= \(\frac{1080}{3125}\)

= \(\frac{216}{625}\)

(b) p(at least 3 are girls) = 1 - [p(0 girls) + p(1 girl) + p(2 girls)].

= \(1 - [p^{5} + 5p^{4}q + 10p^{3} q^{2}]\)

= \(1 - [(\frac{3}{5})^{5} + 5(\frac{3}{5})^{4} (\frac{2}{5}) + 10(\frac{3}{5})^{3} (\frac{2}{5})^{2}]\)

= \(1 - [\frac{243}{3125} + \frac{810}{3125} + \frac{1080}{3125}]\)

= \(1 - [\frac{2133}{3125}]\)

= \(\frac{992}{3125}\).

Explanation

Comedy is one of the satirical tools used by Athol Fugard to ridicule the racist regime of Pretoria. Comedy is used . as an antidote to the ruthless system of Apartheid. It is a survival technique in the midst of all the dehumanization, frustration and brutality. One of the sources of the comedy in the play is the mimicry of the actions and speeches of characters. The mimicry is particularly made funny so that we can laugh not only at some of the white characters as they climb down from their pedestal of superiority and exhibit human tendencies of fear and anxiety but at the Blackman himself as he exaggerates this fact in mimicry.

We laugh at the way Styles mimics the heavy Afrikaans account of Baas Bradley; we laugh at the way he claps his hand to urge the workers to clean and we laugh at the anxious Baas Bradley painting the safety precautions. We cannot help but laugh at the glee on Styles' face as he mimics himself standing over the crouching Baas Bradley who is painting the safety precautions Styles spells. We are amused at the way Styles poses with his camera in front of an imaginary audience. Even the infectious laughter is funny. We also laugh at the Sizwe - Buntu mimicry. Another source of comedy is the use of invective in the language of Styles. Expressions such as, Big - shot cunt from America, this old fool, Ford is a big bastard, bigger fool, grandmother Baas, South African monkeys, are satirically funny especially given the circumstances in which they are used - to bring out the hatred between the blacks and whites at Ford Motors.

Quite apart from the use of invective, even the language of the play is funny. Styles' description of the war with cockroaches strikes us as particularly ludicrous. The personification of the cockroaches, their recalcitrant behaviour and defiant remonstrances are all funny. Sizwe's explanation of how he was apprehended, the matter-of-fact way that Buntu talks to goad Sizwe out of ignorance bring out the humour with which these serious issues are treated. The character portrayal of Styles, Buntu and Sizwe is also very comical. When Sizwe comes on stage he is. wearing an ill-fitting new double-breasted suit. Styles at Ford's Motors talks of wearing a size 42 overall when his actual size is 38. In their attempt to portray the unpleasant aspects of apartheid the characters strike us as humorous and ludicrous. Also, the exchange between Sizwe and Buntu after their drinking spree, adds to the comedy

Correct Answer: B. beautiful and interesting

Correct Answer: D. audience

Explanation

(a)(i) Quantum numbers assigned to an electron in an atom are

9(i) n - (principal) quantum number

(ii) L - (azimuthal) sub principal quantum number

(iii) m - (magnetic quantum number) and (iv) s - (spin quantum number)

(ii) The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 3d orbital is 10.

(b) The element p represented by the electronic configuration 1s\(^2\)s\(^2\)2p\(^6\)3s\(^2\)

(i) The electronic configuration of its ions is 1s\(^2\)2s\(^2\)2p\(^6\) Most likely formula of the chloride of P is PCl\(^2\)

(iii) P is a good reducing agent. Reducing agents are electron donors OR P would readily lose 2(two) electrons to form noble gas structure.

(c)(i) Electron affinity is defined as the energy evolved or liberated when 1 mole of an element in form of gaseous atoms form negative ions OR The energy liberated or absorbed when one mole of electron is added to an element in form of gaseous atoms.

(ii) Ammonia can participate in dative bonding because dative bonding involves the sharing of an electron pair donated by one atom. The nitrogen in ammonia has a lone pair of electrons which can be donated for sharing.

(d)(i) if an element in group IV loses an alpha particle, the product would belong to group II.

(ii) Since both X and Y are equally toxic, Y constitutes a greater health hazard than X which has a shorter half life because half life is the time taken to decay to half the initial value remains for a longer period in the body and being toxic causes damage for a longer period.

Correct Answer: A. co-operative societies