Explanation

(a) Uniform acceleration occurs when the change in velocity per unit time is constant. The S.I. unit is ms\(^{-2}\).

\(a = \frac{v - u}{t}\); a - uniform acceleration, v - final velocity, u - initial velocity, t - time.

Graphically,

acceleration is the same acceleration at x is different every point from that at Y.

Note - acceleration is given by slope in both graphs.

(b)

(i) Maximum speed = 240 m/s.

(ii) \(a = \frac{v - u}{t} = \frac{0 - 200}{20} = -10 ms^{-2}\)

(iii) Area of I = \(\frac{1}{2} \times 30 \times 240 = 3600m\)

Area of II = \(20 \times 200 = 4000m\)

Area of III = \(\frac{1}{2} \times 20 \times 40 = 400m\)

Total distance in the first 50s : 8000m

(iv) Average speed during the first 50s = \(\frac{8000m}{50s} = 160 ms^{-1}\)

Correct Answer: C. harmless

Correct Answer: B. the destruction of the ozone layer

Correct Answer: B. delayed

Correct Answer: D. Knee high stage

Explanation

On the authority Abi Ab'dillahi al-Nu'man ibn Basheer (ra) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "That which is lawful is clear and that which is unlawful is clear and between the two of them are doubtful [or ambiguous] matters about which not many people are knowledgeable. Thus, he who avoids these doubtful matters certainly clears himself in regard to his religion and his honor. But he who falls into the doubtful matters falls into that which is unlawful like the shepherd who pastures around a sanctuary, all but grazing therein. Verily every king has a sanctuary and Allah's sanctuary is His prohibition. In the body there is a morsel of flesh which, if it be sound, all the body is sound and which, if it be diseased, all the body is diseased. This part of the body is the heart"

Commentary

Abu Dawud said Islam revolves around 4 ahadith, with this being one of them

Upon hearing that halal and haram are clear, we should thank Allah as He has made it easy for us

The scholars say that the halal and haram mentioned here are the evidently clear halal and haram matters

There are many reasons why a matter may be doubtful, examples of such include:

An action being doubtful due to the person not understanding the ruling properly, therefore the deficiency is not in the ruling itself, but in the understanding of that person. In this example, the action is not doubtful to everyone, as it would be clear to the scholars.

Not knowing the background information behind the matter e.g. you hunt a bird by shooting it, but when you arrive, you see the bird dead in a pond and you are unsure if it died from being shot or it died from drowning (which would make it haram). In this example, the matter is doubtful to everyone as there is no way of ascertaining the truth.

A doubtful action which leads to a haram e.g. going out with friends who you know may lead you to sin. In this example, doing the action will not necessarily be haram, but due to the risk associated with it, you should avoid it.

Having ill-thoughts of someone is haram, but if someone always follows the doubtful matters e.g. always associates themselves with bad people, or is often seen in unpleasant places, then it isn't haram to think that this person is doing haram as they have brought it upon themselves by not leaving the doubtful matters

The hadith finished off by talking about the heart, because if you go near the boundary, you will end up with a corrupt heart

Signs of a pure heart:

Considering oneself a resident of the hereafter

Continuously feeling upset until you repent from the sin

Feeling upset if you forget to read your daily recitation/dhikr as if you had lost something from the dunya

Finding greatest pleasure in worshipping Allah

When you begin prayer, everything from the dunya leaves your heart

Your only concerns and worries are with pleasing Allah

You are more stingy with wasting time than a stingy man with his wealth

You are very concerned with the correctness of your actions

Signs of a dead heart:

Feeling no pain/hurt once doing a sin

Finding pleasure in sinning and peace of mind after it

Looking into less important matters and prioritising them over important ones

Not finding comfort when around the righteous but finding comfort with time wasters

You are easily led into misconceptions and doubt, and you like to debate these issues

You are not affected by reminders/talks

Correct Answer: A. Commomwealth countries

Correct Answer: C. 9

Correct Answer: C. acid test ratio

Correct Answer: D. harm himself