Explanation

The following points are expected from the candidates:

i. His introduction as a peasant at the beginning of the novel.

ii. His identification of the helmet that kills Conrad as same as that on Alfonso’s statue..

iii. His role as an antagonist to Manfred.

iv. His appearance in the image of Alfonso.

v. His kindness and warm-heartedness.

vi. Theodore’s true identity and final taking over as Prince and marrying Isabella.

Explanation

(a)(i) Explain briefly the term chemical industry: It is an industry which uses chemical processes convert raw materials into useful products.

(ii) State 3 factors that should be considered in sitin chemical industry. (1) Availability of resources needed. (2) Good communication skills. (3) Nearn to markets. (4) Availability of labour. (5) Availability of space. (6) Good climate condition. (7) Favourable transport system (8) Nearness to source of energy. (9) Nearness to raw materials (10) Government policy.

(b)(i) Describe how tin is extracted from its ore: The ore is crushed into powder, washed with water and filtered to remove impurities/concentration of ore. The ore is roasted in air to remove impurities. roasted is mixed with coke/charcoal and heated in a furnace/high temperature/1300°C where it is reduced to tin/C + SnO\(_2\) ---> Sn + O\(_2\). Limestone is added to remove earthly impurities as slag/CaCO\(_2\) + SiO\(_3\) ---> CaSiO\(_3\) + CO\(_2\) Molten tin is tapped off.

(ii) It is used to coat iron or steel (as a protection aga corrosion). It is used in making alloys (e.g. Bronze, type metal, solder).

(c)(i) Name the constituents of cement: Calcium oxide/Calcium trioxocarbonate(IV), Silicon(IV) oxide and Aluminium oxide.

(ii) How does mortar set? Mortor is a mixture of sand, cements/lime and WE When mortar is placed between two blocks it absorbs CO\(_2\) from the atmosphere to form CaCO\(_3\) with m given out.

(d)(i).Explain briefly the term pollution: Pollution – introduction of harmful substance the environment/contamination of environment.

(ii) Give two examples of air pollutants: Gases hydrocarbon, e.g. methane (CH\(_4\)), CO, NO\(_2\), SO\(_2\), NO, CFC's, oxides of lead, particuate matter, e.g. d pollen grains, soot, smoke and smog.

(e)(i) Consider the following reversible reaction wh occurred at the temperature of 298k:

N\(_{2(g)}\) + 3H\(_{2(g)}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) 2NH\(_{3(g)}\); \(\Delta\)H = –92.37KJ.

List two factors that would increase the yield of NH\(_{3(g)}\) — (1) Increase in pressure of the system/decrease in volume of system.

(2) Decrease in temperature of tho system.

(3) Removal of ammonia/products.

Correct Answer: A. adding value to local products

Correct Answer: C. Josiah walked righteously before the LORD, his God

Correct Answer: C. ignorance of consumers

Correct Answer: C. assimilation policy

Correct Answer: B. pool/resources together

Correct Answer: B. welcome

Explanation

Explanation of terms in animal production: (a) Oestrus Cycle: (i) This refers to the interval from the end of one heat period to the beginning of the other. (ii) this period of heat for coitus is usually followed by a long period in which they will not show desire to mate. (iii) length of cycle varies among species of livestock examples: Cow - 20 - 21 days, Ewe - 17 - 21 days, Sow - 14 - 2 days, Goat (Doe) -17 - 21 days, Rabbit (Doe) - Spontaneous

(b) Heat Period: (i) is the period when females have the urge to copulate and are ready to accept the males. (ii) It is also a time when the female produces a high level of estrogen which prepares he psychologically and physiologically for sexual activities. (iii) It' period when ovulation takes place (iv) Signs of heat include: Restlessness, mucus secretion by the cervix, standing still to be mounted, swollen an reddened vulva, bleating or bellowing in goat or cow, loss of appetite. abnormally high temperature or rise in rectal temperature; frequent urination, more frequent tail shaking.

(c) Gestation period: (i) This is a period between fertilization of an ovum to birth or period between conception and birth, (ii) During this period, the female animals do not normal( show signs of heat. (iii) the high level of progesterone secretion prevents any further ovulation during pregnancy an maintains pregnancy. (iv) It is also a period of swelling of the abdomen (iv) period of swelling of the udder. (v) period() increases in life weight. (vi) period when milk will issue from the udder when pressed. (vii) varies in duration from one livestock to the other. e.g Cow - 9 months. sheep / goat - 5 months. Sow -113 -115 days, Rabbit - 30 - 31 days.

(d) Paturition: This is the act of giving birth in farm animals. (ii) It marks the end of pregnancy. (iii) It marks the beginning of lactation. (iv) The act of paturition varies with farm animals. For i example, in: Cow it is called calving, Sow, it is called farrowing, Ewe, it is called lambing. Doe (Goat), it is called Kidding, Doe (rabbit), It is called kideling.

(e) Colostrum: (i) is the milk produced immediately after parturition. (ii) It is also the yellowish white milk produced immediately after giving birth to young ones. (iii) It is rich in protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals and contains antibodies. (iv) It gives immunity to the young, defenceless offspring, in the first few days of life against disease infection. (v) all young ones must have access to colostrum for, at least, the first 5 days.

Correct Answer: A. errors and omissions excepted