Explanation

The poem is about birches, trees that grow in temperate regions and are noted for their resilience. The poet describes a situation in which the trees are bent either by a boy swinging them, or by nature through the effect of snow and ice-storms. Details of the ravages brought upon the trees are provided as they click 'crash' under the snow until summer when the warmth of the sun melts the snow and enables them to rise again. Even so, they are cut and loaded off as timber.

The emphasis throughout the poem is on the resilience of the trees, whether they are bent by humans or by nature itself And in spite of the fact that they never right themselves to their former heights, they never fall never to rise "years afterwards", as their trunks arch in the woods attractively, like girls' hair tossed "before them over their heads to dry".

The poet even recalls a memorable incident of some boy that had taken to swinging birches, and taken care not to swing too low to lose hold as the trees swing back. He remembers his own childhood experience too. The very fact of the experience is not lost upon the poet. Indeed the resilience of the trees provides a lesson for his own determination to endure life the way birches do. Their supple frame enables them to endure what both man and nature do to them. And that is the lesson of endurance the poet learns from the observation of and experience with swinging the trees.

Points to note:

(a) The havoc wreaked on the birch trees by snow and ice storms which bend them.

(b) The resilience of the birch trees as they lie or bend.

(c) The swinging of birch trees for sport by "some boy" and the speaker, illustrating their ability to withstand abuse.

(d) The lesson the speaker learns about the birch trees through observation and experience.

Correct Answer: C. unemployment allowance paid to the citizens

Explanation

Transfer payment are payment of receipts not resulting from contribution to productive activities in the economy. They are mere transfers from one person to another, for example: pension, bursary, award, gift, unemployment benefit etc. When estimating or calculating national income, transfer payment are excluded

Explanation

a) DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RAM AND ROM

(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM

(i) It is a multi-tasking environment (ii) It is a user-friendly environment (ii) It has usual interactive capabilities (iv) It has object linking and embodiments

(v) It has icons which represents commands (Vi) Windows enhances easy file transfer (vii) Ease of access of files, folders, etc.

(Viii) lt has good security (password/encryption) features (ix)Windows operating system promotes system upgrade

(x) It enables easy searching/organising of files and folders (xi) System activities can be monitored easily (xii) Default setting can be adjusted/ customised

(xiii) Windows promotes remote desktop connected by entering the IP address of the other computer (xiv) Time sharing (xv) Abstraction (xvi) Memory management (xvii) Multi-user environment

(c) EXAMPLES OF UTILITY PROGRAMS

(i) Editor (ii) Disk defragmenter (iii) Registry cleaner (iv) Device drivers (v) Backup software (vi) Anti-virus (vii) Disk clean-up (viii) Scan disk (Viii) Firmware

Explanation

(a)(i) Hard water is water which will not readily form lather with soap.

(ii) 1. Calcium tetraoxosulphate (IV) 2. Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV) 3. Magnesium tetraoxosulphate (VI) 4. Magnesium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV).

(iii)(a) Heating the water to boiling/distillation (b) Addition of calculated amount of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)\(_2\)] (c) Addition of washing soda crystals to the water [Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\)] (d) Ion exchange resin/permutit method.

(b)(i) Sulphur air or oxygen

(ii) 2SO\(_{2(g)}\) +O\(_{2(g)}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) 2SO\(_{3(g)}\)

(iii) V\(_2\)O\(_5\) / Vanadium (V) oxide.

(c)(i) Use of Na\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(a) Water softener (b) In glass or paper manufacturing (c) As analytical reagent (d) As purgative (e) In the manufacture of detergents .

(ii) Mass of salt per 30 cm\(^3\) of saturated solution = 1.80g.

1000 cm\(^3\) of saturated solution contains = \(\frac{1000 \times 1.80}{30}\)

= 60g.

Molar mass of Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) = 23 x 2 + 12 x 1 + 16 x 3 = 106g.

Solubility of Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) = \(\frac{60}{106}\) = 0.566 mole dm\(^3\).

(d)(i) Activated complex is the intermediate (complex) that reactants must attain in order to form a product or it is a temporary species formed by reactant molecules as a result of collision before the products are formed.

(ii) A collision may fail to produce a chemical reaction if the energy of the colliding particles is less than activation energy / if the reactant are not properly aligned.

(a)(i) Hard water is water which will not readily form lather with soap.

(ii) 1. Calcium tetraoxosulphate (IV) 2. Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV) 3. Magnesium tetraoxosulphate (VI) 4. Magnesium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV).

(iii)(a) Heating the water to boiling/distillation (b) Addition of calculated amount of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)\(_2\)] (c) Addition of washing soda crystals to the water [Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\)] (d) Ion exchange resin/permutit method.

(b)(i) Sulphur air or oxygen

(ii) 2SO\(_{2(g)}\) +O\(_{2(g)}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) 2SO\(_{3(g)}\)

(iii) V\(_2\)O\(_5\) / Vanadium (V) oxide.

(c)(i) Use of Na\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(a) Water softener (b) In glass or paper manufacturing (c) As analytical reagent (d) As purgative (e) In the manufacture of detergents .

(ii) Mass of salt per 30 cm\(^3\) of saturated solution = 1.80g.

1000 cm\(^3\) of saturated solution contains = \(\frac{1000 \times 1.80}{30}\)

= 60g.

Molar mass of Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) = 23 x 2 + 12 x 1 + 16 x 3 = 106g.

Solubility of Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\) = \(\frac{60}{106}\) = 0.566 mole dm\(^3\).

(d)(i) Activated complex is the intermediate (complex) that reactants must attain in order to form a product or it is a temporary species formed by reactant molecules as a result of collision before the products are formed.

(ii) A collision may fail to produce a chemical reaction if the energy of the colliding particles is less than activation energy / if the reactant are not properly aligned.

Correct Answer: A. partners capital account and credited to realization account

Correct Answer: (b) The car occupant

Correct Answer: B. the developed ovule

Correct Answer: C. consumption

Explanation

Utility in economics refers to the total satisfaction received from consuming a good or service.

Correct Answer: C. 50 cm³ of ammonia

Correct Answer: C. Utmost good faith