Explanation

Kufi is a traditional society that is governed by a set of superstitious beliefs, which impact on the people's behavior. The belief that death, in most cases, does not occur naturally is so strong among the kufi people that they resort to practices that are humiliating and dehumanizing to ascertain the innocence of the widows of their deceased husbands. Dedewe, for instance, is made to sit alone in a dark room with the corpse of her husband. She is also compelled to con-fess sins she has not committed. Fayoyin is shaven and she becomes unrecognizable. Radeke and Yaremi also suffer similar inhumane treatment. In Kufi death is categorized into bad and good, depending on the manner in which it occurs.

A person who dies by suicide or as a result of snakebite is considered to have died disgracefully. It is also considered abominable to be crushed to death by falling walls or to be struck by lightning. Deaths that fall outside these categories are considered natural. In Kufi, there is a belief that natural elements and creatures can communicate messages to humans. The shooting star that is seen zooming across the empty sky, and the mournful song of the go-away bird are interpreted by Yaremi as indications of Ajumobi's acceptance by his creator. The belief that birds and animals can be used to carry out evil acts is held strongly among Kufi people. Ajumobi's death, for example, is linked to the hawk that is seen perching on his roof shortly before he dies.

Typical of the beliefs in rural communities is the concept of reincarnation. Yaremi believes she will one day see her husband. Her belief is reinforced by the information she receives from people that Ajumobi has been seen at Oyedeji. She also dreams of meeting him in her sleep. When in the end she finds that he does not seem to be coming, she resorts to incantations. The belief that women will become rulers over men in the next world is very strong in Kufi. It is this superstition that makes women like Yaremi tolerate the excesses of their husbands even when beaten. Superstitious beliefs, therefore, have strong hold on the lives of the people of Kufi.

Points to Note:

1. Kufi is a superstitious society

2. Superstition about unnatural deaths.

3. The belief of involvement of wisdows in the death of their husbands.

4. The belief that the elements and creatures communicate with humans

5. The belief in reincarnation

6. The belief in women becoming rulers in the next world.

Correct Answer: C. obedience to lawful authority

Correct Answer: A. 15th century

Explanation

(c) |XP| = 3.8 cm.

Correct Answer: A. PAL—a—ta—ble

Correct Answer: C. magenta, yellow, and cyan

Explanation

The primary colors of pigment are red, blue, and green.

Mixing these primary colors of pigment gives us the three secondary colors:

red+blue=magenta, red+ green = yellow, and blue + green = cyan

Correct Answer: B. Spiracle

Explanation

i. Technological needs of West African countries determine their external relations.

ii. Economic development motives also determine the pattern of relationship of West African countries especially with the economically developed nations.

iii. Colonial heritage/ Historical experience of West African countries usually determines the country they relate with.

iv. Trade is another factor that determines the nature of West African countries' external relations.

v. Geographical nearness is a good determinant of West African external relations. Countries that are near to each other are bound to interact.

vi. Military strength/needs/ assistance.

vii Public opinion of the citizens of a country about a particular country can also determine the nature of interaction.

viii. Membership of international organizations e.g. ECOWAS, OAU/AU.

ix. International law and Conventions.

x. Religious affiliations.

xi. Political ideology.

xii. Ethnic and tribal affiliations.

xiv. Demographic/population size.

xv. The system of government in operation, e.g. democracy.

xvi. Natural resources endowment.

xvii. Personality of the leadership.

Explanation

The month of Zhul Hijja is a special month. It is the month of Hajj. Just as the last ten nights of Ramadan are the best nights of the year, so are the first ten days of Zhul Hijjah. In fact, they are the best ten days of the year filled with immense blessings. One should increase his/her acts of worship (ibadat) through fasting, charity, zikr, additional prayers, supplications, and of course,udhiyah or animal sacrifice, a tradition commemorating the legacy of Ibrahim (AS) for his willingness to sacrifice his son Ismael. This occasion occurs on the tenth day of Zhul Hijjah.

In the tenth year after migration to al-Madinah (hijirah), Muhammad (SAW) performed his only hajj along with thousands of companions. The journey of hajj was indeed a significant event. The Prophet (SAW) established the rites of Hajj, an important mode of worship incumbent upon every able Muslim once in his/her lifetime. Additionally, according to some scholars, it is believed that on the ninth day, the day of Arafat, he (SAW) received the last revelation,“This day, I have perfected for you your religion (deen), completed my favor upon you and am pleased with Islam as your deen (way of life).”(al-Ma’idah, 5:3)

The companions rejoiced. However, upon hearing the ayah, Omar (RAA) cried. The Prophet (SAW) asked, “What makes you cry O’ Omar?” “Although nothing is perfect, our deen is perfect now and I fear that with time it is going to deteriorate,” Omar replied. The Prophet (SAW) agreed and said, “You have spoken the truth.” He (SAW) then said, “Islam began as something strange, and shall return to being strange as it began, so blessed are the strangers.”

Indeed, the samejahili practices that were prevalent before Islam such as tribal wars, bloodshed, intoxication, music, adultery and fornication, interest and usury, etc. can be seen today everywhere in the world and just as Islam was conceived to be strange back then, the same teachings today are considered to be strange. Therefore, blessed are strangers who adhere to the deen dearly while sharing its message with others.

Throughout the journey of hajj, the Prophet (SAW) would admonish and advise his people. His speeches were collected in what is commonly known as “The Prophet’s Farewell Sermon” orHajjatul Wada’.The sermon highlighted the most significant teachings of his prophetic mission of twenty-three years. Such pearls of wisdom have been etched in the books and minds of many Muslims for all time to come. It was, among others things, a document of human rights.

After praising and thanking Allah (SWT), the Prophet (SAW) said, “O people! Lend me an attentive ear. For I know not whether after this year I shall ever be among you. Therefore, listen to what I am saying very carefully and take these words to those who are not present here today.” Months after he delivered the sermon, the Prophet (SAW) returned back to His Lord leaving behind a great legacy.

The Prophet’s speech began with a word of caution. He addressed the sanctity of human lives. He (SAW) reminds, “O people! Just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will meet your Lord and that He will indeed reckon your deeds.”

The Prophet (SAW) took advantage of the most blessed and sacred day of Arafat in the sacred month of Hajj, in the most sacred place in the world, Makkah to make a point. Bloodshed is forbidden due to the sanctity of human life. In addition to human life, people’s properties are also sacred. In a hadith the prophet insisted, “The blood, wealth and honor of the Muslim are sacred to all Muslims.” He (SAW) stressed, “The destruction of the world in the sight of Allah is lighter than the killing of one Muslim man.”

The Qur’an is very clear on this subject as many passages address the sanctity of human lives. In one place Allah emphatically stresses this point,“And do not take any human being’s life – (the life) which God has willed to be sacred – except through (due process of) law.” (17:33) The Qur’an clearly states that whoever kills an innocent soul has committed an act akin to murdering all of humanity.“If anyone kills a person; unless in retribution for murder or spreading corruption in the land, it is as if he kills all mankind, while if any saves a life it is as if he saves the lives of all mankind” (al-Ma’idah,5:32).

The US declaration of “War

Correct Answer: ( c)54