Explanation

The side effects of various preventive and control measures of diseases and pests of crops are:

(a) Chemical method of control:

(i) Almost all the chemicals used are toxic to man and domestic animals.

(ii) Some beneficial insects of soil organisms may be destroyed.

(iii) Pests and diseases may develop resistance to chemical. (iv) Some chemicals may cause water pollution.

(v) Empty containers could be a source of poison when used as containers for consumables.

(b) Biological method of control:

(i) The new organisms introduced may start attacking crops which were formerly free from attack.

(ii) The predators introduced may feed on other beneficial insects causing imbalance in the ecosystem.

(c) Cultural method of control:

(i) The use of fire may spread to other farms

(ii) The use of fire may kill some beneficial organisms.

(iii) It can lead to destruction and losses of organic matter in the soil.

(iv) It can also destroy the soil structure

Correct Answer: A. increase the external pressure

Correct Answer: D) just below the root tip

Explanation

This question is asking about where the ridicule of a bean seedling grows most rapidly. The ridicule refers to the tiny root hairs that grow from the root of a plant. The options are A) of the root tip, B) below the top soil, C) just around the root tip, D) just below the root tip (which is the correct answer), and E) just above the root tip. The root tip is the part of the root that is actively growing and elongating. This is because new cells are constantly being produced at the root tip, which pushes the root through the soil. As the root grows, it is able to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil through its root hairs. In this case, the correct answer is D) just below the root tip. This is because the root hairs are most numerous and active in this region, as they are closest to the actively growing part of the root. As the root hairs absorb water and nutrients, the plant is able to grow more quickly and develop more leaves and stems above ground. Understanding the growth and function of root hairs is important in plant biology, as they are crucial for the survival and growth of plants. To learn more about this topic, please see the relevant chapters in your Biology textbooks.

Correct Answer: B. there are cold ocean currents

Explanation

(a) Reasons for the concentration of manufacturing industries in the capital cities of Tropical African countries

(i) Availability of labour

(ii) Availability of transport network

(iii) Nearness of seaports and airports

(iv) Presence of infrastructural facilities

(v) Presence of large market

(vi) Availability of capital

(vii) Availability of power supply

(viii) Availability of raw materials

(ix) Economies of scale or agglomeration.

(b) Reasons for the predominance of consumer-oriented industries in Tropical Africa

(a) Inadequate skilled labour

(b) Availability of raw materials

(c) Inadequate capital

(d) Insufficient high technology

(e) High demand for products

(c) Contributions of manufacturing industries

(1) Improved standard of living

(2) Employ' opportunities

(3) Development of infrastructures

(4) Manpower / skilled development

(5) Increases goods and services

(6) Increases revenue generation

(7) Increases exchange earning

(8) Brings about transfer of technology

(9) Brings about increase in gross national product (GNP)

(10) Control of inflation due to mass production

(11) Diversification of other sectors of the economy

(12) Funding education and research.

Correct Answer: C. OPEC

Explanation

A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market e.g OPEC

Correct Answer: A. warehousing

Explanation

Warehousing is the process of storing physical inventory for sale or distribution. Warehouses are used by all different types of businesses that need to temporarily store products in bulk before either shipping them to other locations or individually to end consumers.

Correct Answer: B. mood

Explanation

(a) (i) Characteristic Features of Conurbation:

(1) It is an urban settlement. (2) Two or more large cities/ towns merge to form Conurbation.

(3) The big cities are merged together by rapid population

(4) The big cities are linked by efficient and physical expansion but with different identities. transportation system/network.

(5) The big cities form one large market for industries. trade and transport.

(6) It is a continuous built-up area. (7) Has a high population density.

(8) Its population is much greater than that of the nearby towns.

(9) It has various industries operating in it

(10) It relies on the reserves of labour, excellent transport, Medicare, etc.

(11) Conurbation as a shopping centre due to the cheap and excellent transport facilities. (12) It has a unique financial strength.

(13) Examples: Lagos, Accra, Ruhr Valley,Tokyo. Monrovia, Serreaunda.

(ii) Characteristic Features of Megapolis:

(1) It is also called megalopolis/mega city/super city.

(2) The highest category of settlement.

(3) Has large territories consisting of great conurbations.

(4) It is highly urbanized region. (5)A very large city with population of more than 10 million inhabitants.

(6) An urban complex.

(7) Continuous built-up area. (8) Linked with communication(transport networks.

(9) Examples: North East USA, Lagos (Nigeria), Cairo (Egypt). New Delhi (India).

(b) Functions of Settlements:

(1) It has commercial functions, e.g. Onitsha (Nigeria).Kano (Nigeria). New York (U.S.A.), Kumasi (Ghana), etc.

(2) Administrative function. e.g. Abuja (Nigeria). Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). etc.

(3) Religious function, e.g. Mecca. Rome. Lhasa. Banares (India).

(4) Mining function. e.g. Jos. Enugu.

(5) Educational function. e.g. Ibadan. Ilorin. Benin City, Accra. Kumasi, Oxford. Obuasi. Johannesburg.

(6) Military functions, e.g. Jaji, Kaduna, Portmouth. Wilberforce, etc.

(7) Industrial function. e.g. Port Harcourt. Takoradi, Tema, Lagos, Freetown, Birmingham.

(8) Port function. e.g. Lome, Lagos, Tenia. Banjul. Freetown.

(9) Royal function, e.g. Ile-lfe. Benin City (Nigeria). London (U.K.). Sokoto (Nigeria).

(10) Resort function, e.g. Miami (Florida). Obudu, Yankari, Matnbila (Nigeria).

(11) Residential!satellite function. e.g. Amuwo (Lagos), Nyanya (Abuja), Harlow (U.K.)

Correct Answer: B. geoid