Explanation

The Common Man plays several roles. He represents that which is common to all ages. He is used also as both a commentator and actor; that is, he performs the dual role of being both inside and outside the play. He is in various episodes of the play, a steward, a boatman, an innkeeper, jailer, the foreman of the Jury and the headsman.

In the play, the Common Man speaks directly to the audience explaining the action often in ironical statements. He connects the episodes and acts especially by his change of costume and utterances, thereby providing smooth transition. At the start of Act Two, for instance, the Common Man tells the audience about the events which have occurred between 1530, when the first Act ends, and 1532, when the second Act begins. It is also through the Common Man that the audience learns of Wolsey's demise and More's imprisonment, and it is the Common Man who informs the audi-ence of what befalls the other characters after the execution of More.

The Common Man often makes incisive comments on the other characters, and on events. For example, when he notices More's gift of the silver cup to Rich he says: my master Thomas would give anything to anyone. Some say that's good and some say that's bad ...

This is a very significant observation, for it is this cup which is used as evidence against More at the treason trial. The Common Man is able to see that More's generosity will get him into trouble. Also, he provides an insight into Rich's character when he says about him: That one'll come to nothing.

In addition, the few instances of humour in the play result from the Common Man's witty and sometimes startlingly realistic statements. When, for instance, More has lost his job and offers to retain his services if he will take a cut in wages, he comments after he has turned down the offer: Now, damn me isn't that them allover! Miss -? .. He - ... Miss -? ... Miss me ... What's in me for him to miss ... ? Wo - Ha! ... We - e - eyup! and tells the audience I nearly fell for it. The Common Man is therefore a very important character in the play.

Explanation

The battle at Slivnitza is between the Bulgarian and the Serbian forces in the ongoing war. This battle takes place in the "little town near the Dragoman pass" on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia. The winner of the battle is the Bulgarian side as a result of the "able" leadership of Major Sergius Saranoff. The victory sets off the action of the play as Mrs Catherine Petkoff shouts the good news to her daughter, Raina, when the play opens: "A great battle at Slivnitza! A victory' by Sergius". Both Catherine and Raina are excited as they await their hero's return. Thus, the theme of war and love are highlighted in the play.

The victory makes Catherine proud of Sergius who is Raina's fiancé, though it is not clear the relationship is based on true love since Catherine insists that Raina should henceforth show greater love to Sergius.

The war dominates the action of the play reported. Most of the characters are introduced as the war is being discussed. Characters like Major Sergius and Captain Bluntschli reveal themselves through their war experiences.

Bluntschli's attempt to escape capture by enemy soldiers drives him to take refuge in Raina' s bedroom. This encounter results in a romance which culminates in the marriage between Bluntschli and Raina. Also, Sergius's character as a foolhardy general who cares little about the safety of the soldiers under his command is brought to light.

This explodes the myth of heroism relating to war exploits. The good commander is the one who saves life whenever this is possible, as in the case of Bluntschli, not the one who does not care whether his soldiers die or live as long as he wins the battle. The good soldier lives to fight another day.

Explanation

(a)(i) The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. OR The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant \(\frac{\text{Sin i}}{\text{Sin r}}\) = Constant

Place the triangular prism on the drawing sheet and trace the outline. Arrange two pins on one side vertically and using two other pins, determine the emergent ray on the other side. Remove the prism and. join the position of pins to meet the outline of the prism. Draw the normal at the point of incidence. Produce both the incident and the emergent rays to intersect and measure the angles of incidence I° and the deviation d°. Repeat the procedure for at least four other values of i. Plot a graph of d on the vertical axis against i on the horizontal axis. Obtain minimum deviation D as below.

n = \(\frac{sin \frac{1}{2}(A +D)}{sin \frac{1}{2} A}\)

= \(\frac{sin \frac{1}{2} (60 + D)}{sin 30}\)

Precautions

- neat traces

- pins fixed vertically

- Avoid parallax in reading protector

(b)(i)

(ii) n = \(\frac{\text{real depth}}{\text{apparent depth}}\)

apparent depth = \(\frac{\text{real depth}}{n}\)

= \(\frac{12}{1.5}\)

= 8cm

Apparent displacement = real depth - apparent depth

= 12 - 8 = 4cm

Correct Answer: C. a factor

Correct Answer: D. trade and auxiliaries to trade

Correct Answer: D. 123.75m

Explanation

Distance x = vt/2 = 1650 x 0.15/2 = 123.75m

Correct Answer: C. a maid

Correct Answer: B. appreciate God

Correct Answer: C. Electron affinity

Correct Answer: A. generate revenue for government