Correct Answer: A. is a medium for all metabolic reactions

Correct Answer: B. average cost is falling with output

Correct Answer: A. it varies inversely with the price level

Correct Answer: A. public ownership and control

Explanation

Reasons why the policy of association was introduced in French West Africa :

(i)Assimilated elite:There was a negative reaction from the assimilated elite towards the obnoxious policy of assimilation.

(ii)Costly to run:The policy of assimilation was seen as a costly one. France was fully involved and so many officials were needed in the administration.

(iii)President De Gaulle: His rise to power facilitated his desire to replace assimilation with association.

(iv)Second World War:France had to abandon the policy of assimilation because after the second world war, the tempo of nationalist activities in West Africa went up drastically.

(b) Characteristics of the Policy of Association are:

(i)Dual Citizenship: Dual citizenship was abolished to reflect the new policy of association.

(ii)Formation of Political Parties:The new policy of association accommodated the formation of political parties.

(iii)Culture: Originally, France did not recognize other cultures outside the French culture but this new policy paved the way for- her recognition of different cultures.

(iv)Assemblies: Local and national assemblies were created or established in the colonies.

(v)Forced Labour:The new policy abolished forced labour, indignant policy and compulsory military service.

(vi)Education: Only the citizens benefited immensely from education under the policy of assimilation.This new policy liberalised education.

(vii)Chieftaincy institution: This institution was recognised and the chiefs were given powers to perform.

Correct Answer: C. poverty

Explanation

The word penury means the state of being extremely poor; destitution.

Let's analyze the options:

• A. avariciousness: This refers to greed for wealth or material gain. It describes a desire, not a state of having nothing.

• B. affluence: This means the state of having a great deal of money; wealth. This is the opposite of penury.

• C. poverty: This means the state of being extremely poor. This directly matches the meaning of penury and fits the context of a lifetime of hunger.

• D. penny: This is a unit of currency, a small coin. While it relates to money, it is not a state of being poor.

Given the context His penury gave him a lifetime of hunger, the word must mean a state of extreme lack. Poverty is the best synonym.

The final answer is C

Correct Answer: C. rural depopulation

Correct Answer: C. consumption

Correct Answer: A. \(-\frac{81}{8}, -\frac{729}{32}\)

Explanation

\(-2, -3, -4\frac{1}{2}, ...\)

This is a G.P with r = 1\(\frac{1}{2}\).

\(T_{n} = ar^{n - 1}\) (terms of a G.P)

\(T_{5} = (-2)(\frac{3}{2})^{5 - 1}\)

= \(-2 \times \frac{81}{16}\)

= \(-\frac{81}{8}\)

\(T_{7} = (-2)(\frac{3}{2})^{7 - 1}\)

= \(-2 \times \frac{729}{64}\)

= \(-\frac{729}{32}\)

Correct Answer: D. price is an incentive to producers

Explanation

A supply curve is positively sloped because as the price of a commodity increase in the market, the amount supplied increases. Producers will be wiling to supply more of their products as prices increase.